Table 2: Association between proton pump inhibitor use and kidney outcomes in 290 592 patients newly prescribed proton pump inhibitor therapy and an equal number of matched controls

Variable	Group; no. (%) of events					Group; rate per 1000 person-years		HR (95% CI)*
Variable	PPI			Control		PPI	Control	HR (95% CI)*
Kidney outcomes
Acute kidney injury	1 269		(0.4)	518	(0.2)	13.49	5.46	2.52 (2.27 to 2.79)
Acute interstitial nephritis	30	(0.0)		10	(0.0)	0.32	0.11	3.00 (1.47 to 6.14)
Tracer outcome
Cataract surgery	4 976	(1.7)		5 179	(1.8)	53.30	55.12	0.97 (0.93 to 1.00)

Note: CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio, PPI = proton pump inhibitor. *Reference group is patients not prescribed a PPI.