| Comorbidities* | No. (%) of patients† | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before weighting | After weighting‡ | |||||||||
| Sitagliptin n = 57 689 | Alternative hypoglycemic agent n = 83 405 | Standardized difference, %§ | Sitagliptin n = 57 689 | Alternative hypoglycemic agent n = 55 705 | Standardized difference, %§ | |||||
| Gallstones/biliary stones | 2 163 | (3.75) | 3 152 | (3.78) | 0 | 2 163 | (3.75) | 2 059 | (3.70) | 0 |
| Calcium disorder | 123 | (0.21) | 273 | (0.33) | 2 | 123 | (0.21) | 154 | (0.28) | 1 |
| Alcoholism | 240 | (0.42) | 659 | (0.79) | 5 | 240 | (0.42) | 338 | (0.61) | 3 |
| Tobacco use | 3 128 | (5.42) | 4 662 | (5.59) | 1 | 3 128 | (5.42) | 3 222 | (5.78) | 2 |
| Pancreatic neoplasm | 101 | (0.18) | 250 | (0.30) | 3 | 101 | (0.18) | 178 | (0.32) | 3 |
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 281 | (0.49) | 561 | (0.67) | 2 | 281 | (0.49) | 334 | (0.60) | 2 |
| Chronic kidney disease¶ | 6 069 | (10.52) | 10 321 | (12.37) | 6 | 6 069 | (10.52) | 6 714 | (12.05) | 5 |
| Bile duct neoplasm | 118 | (0.20) | 272 | (0.33) | 2 | 118 | (0.20) | 158 | (0.28) | 2 |
| HIV | 50 | (0.09) | 67 | (0.08) | 0 | 50 | (0.09) | 33 | (0.06) | 1 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 739 | (1.28) | 1 107 | (1.33) | 0 | 739 | (1.28) | 659 | (1.18) | 1 |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | 216 | (0.37) | 429 | (0.51) | 2 | 216 | (0.37) | 248 | (0.45) | 1 |
| Celiac disease | 78 | (0.14) | 158 | (0.19) | 1 | 78 | (0.14) | 103 | (0.18) | 1 |
| Obesity | 4 219 | (7.31) | 5 468 | (6.56) | 3 | 4 219 | (7.31) | 3 696 | (6.63) | 3 |
| Charlson comorbidity index** | ||||||||||
| Mean | 1.13 | 1.22 | 5 | 1.13 | 1.23 | 7 | ||||
| 0–1 | 40 624 | (70.42) | 57 156 | (68.53) | 4 | 40 624 | (70.42) | 37 816 | (67.89) | 5 |
| 2 | 7 861 | (13.63) | 10 430 | (12.51) | 3 | 7 861 | (13.63) | 8 053 | (14.46) | 2 |
| > 3 | 9 204 | (15.95) | 15 819 | (18.97) | 8 | 9 204 | (15.95) | 9 836 | (17.66) | 5 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 636 | (1.10) | 842 | (1.01) | 1 | 636 | (1.10) | 783 | (1.41) | 3 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 576 | (1.00) | 843 | (1.01) | 0 | 576 | (1.00) | 597 | (1.07) | 1 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 679 | (1.18) | 1 259 | (1.51) | 3 | 679 | (1.18) | 740 | (1.33) | 1 |
| Heart failure | 6 606 | (11.45) | 11 932 | (14.31) | 9 | 6 606 | (11.45) | 7 068 | (12.69) | 4 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 1 766 | (3.06) | 2 553 | (3.06) | 0 | 1 766 | (3.06) | 1 781 | (3.20) | 1 |
| Hypertension | 49 934 | (86.56) | 64 828 | (77.73) | 23 | 49 934 | (86.56) | 48 277 | (86.67) | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 16 299 | (28.25) | 23 740 | (28.46) | 0 | 16 299 | (28.25) | 16 144 | (28.98) | 2 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 243 | (2.15) | 2 479 | (2.97) | 5 | 1 243 | (2.15) | 1 381 | (2.48) | 2 |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 1 377 | (2.39) | 3 011 | (3.61) | 7 | 1 377 | (2.39) | 1 535 | (2.76) | 2 |
| Dialysis | 1 251 | (2.17) | 2 992 | (3.59) | 8 | 1 251 | (2.17) | 1 545 | (2.77) | 4 |
| Renal transplant | 30 | (0.05) | 118 | (0.14) | 3 | 30 | (0.05) | 62 | (0.11) | 2 |
| Hypoglycemia | 770 | (1.33) | 1 354 | (1.62) | 2 | 770 | (1.33) | 818 | (1.47) | 1 |
| Acute or chronic pancreatitis | 216 | (0.37) | 467 | (0.56) | 3 | 216 | (0.37) | 267 | (0.48) | 2 |
| Hyperglycemic emergency | 117 | (0.20) | 245 | (0.29) | 2 | 117 | (0.20) | 162 | (0.29) | 2 |
*Comorbidities were assessed by administrative database codes in the previous 5 years. †Unless stated otherwise. ‡All patients identified before weighting were included in the analyses. The number of patients indicated represents a weighted total. §Standardized differences are less sensitive to sample size than traditional hypothesis tests. They provide a measure of the difference between groups divided by the pooled standard deviation; a value greater than 10% is interpreted as a meaningful difference between the groups. ¶We identified individuals with chronic kidney disease using a validated algorithm of diagnosis and physician claim codes. In Ontario, this algorithm identifies patients with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 38 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range 27 to 52). Its absence identifies patients with a median eGFR of 69 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range 56 to 82). See Fleet et al. (25) **Charlson comorbidity index was calculated using 5 years of hospital admission data. “No hospital admissions” received a score of 0. See Charlson et al. (26)