| Characteristic | HIV, no. (%)*n = 634 | Non-HIV, no. (%)* n = 1 132 871 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 30.8 ± 5.2 | 30.1 ± 5.2 | 0.002 |
| 18-34 yr | 470 (74.1) | 895 675 (79.1) | 0.002 |
| 35-49 yr | 164 (25.9) | 237 196 (20.9) | |
| Aggregated diagnosis groups | |||
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (5.0-9.0) | 4.0 (3.0-6.0) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-existing diabetes | 12 (1.9) | 20 211 (1.8) | 0.8 |
| Diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy | 37 (5.8) | 57 007 (5.0) | 0.4 |
| Pre-existing hypertension | 23 (3.6) | 29 789 (2.6) | 0.1 |
| Hypertension diagnosed during pregnancy | 22 (3.5) | 50 192 (4.4) | 0.2 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 19 (3.0) | 25 984 (2.3) | 0.2 |
| Obesity | 17 (2.7) | 30 659 (2.7) | 1.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (1.3) | 2 046 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Adequacy of prenatal care (R-GINDEX) | < 0.001 | ||
| Adequate | 175 (27.6) | 428 867 (37.9) | |
| Intensive | 54 (8.5) | 61 597 (5.4) | |
| Intermediate | 304 (47.9) | 484 055 (42.7) | |
| Inadequate | 101 (15.9) | 156 982 (13.9) | |
| Immigration status, region of origin | < 0.001 | ||
| Non-immigrant | 329 (51.9) | 840 609 (74.2) | |
| Non-recent immigrant, Africa or Caribbean | 97 (15.3) | 23 814 (2.1) | |
| Non-recent immigrant, other world regions | 28 (4.4) | 108 480 (9.6) | |
| Recent immigrant, Africa or Caribbean | 157 (24.8) | 15 412 (1.4) | |
| Recent immigrant, other world regions | 23 (3.6) | 144 556 (12.8) | |
| Material deprivation income quintile | < 0.001 | ||
| 1 (least deprived) | 68 (10.7) | 296 868 (26.2) | |
| 2 | 72 (11.4) | 233 052 (20.6) | |
| 3 | 98 (15.5) | 213 667 (18.9) | |
| 4 | 117 (18.5) | 190 959 (16.9) | |
| 5 (most deprived) | 261 (41.2) | 183 836 (16.2) | |
| Residential instability quintile | < 0.001 | ||
| 1 (least instability) | 77 (12.1) | 303 577 (26.8) | |
| 2 | 72 (11.4) | 228 844 (20.2) | |
| 3 | 69 (10.9) | 168 458 (14.9) | |
| 4 | 145 (22.9) | 214 871 (19.0) | |
| 5 (most instability) | 253 (39.9) | 202 632 (17.9) | |
| Multiple birth | 19 (3.0) | 19 849 (1.8) | 0.02 |
| Preterm birth | 100 (15.8) | 81 047 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
| Previous preterm birth† | n = 168 | n = 338 276 | < 0.001 |
| 34 (20.2) | 24 912 (7.4) |
Note: IQR = interquartile range, R-GINDEX = revised-graduated prenatal care utilization index, SD = standard deviation.*Unless otherwise indicated.†Among women in their second or subsequent pregnancy.