| Characteristic or behaviour | Medicinal substance abuse (model 1) | Nonmedicinal substance abuse (model 2) | Concurrent abuse of medicinal and nonmedicinal substances (model 3) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | ||||
| Grade (χ2 = 183.060, p < 0.001) | 1.031 | (0.951-1.119) | 0.4 | 1.365 | (1.304-1.429) | < 0.001 | 1.279 | (1.163-1.406) | < 0.001 |
| Sex (χ2 = 21.067, p < 0.001) | |||||||||
| Female | 1.666 | (1.319-2.103) | < 0.001 | 0.958 | (0.848-1.082) | 0.5 | 1.194 | (1.016-1.401) | 0.031 |
| Ethnicity (χ2 = 168.578, p < 0.001) | |||||||||
| Aboriginal v. | |||||||||
| Asian | 1.264 | (0.638-2.503) | 1.00 | 4.351 | (2.578-7.346) | < 0.001 | 2.790 | (0.883-8.815) | 0.1 |
| Black | 0.827 | (0.381-1.796) | 1.00 | 1.892 | (1.062-3.372) | 0.02 | 0.753 | (0.282-2.005) | 1.00 |
| Latin | 0.882 | (0.219-3.561) | 1.00 | 1.217 | (0.683-2.169) | 1.00 | 1.069 | (0.406-2.815) | 1.00 |
| Other | 1.931 | (1.050-3.549) | 0.02 | 1.808 | (1.189-2.749) | < 0.001 | 1.056 | (0.444-2.512) | 1.00 |
| White | 1.300 | (0.780-2.167) | 1.00 | 1.991 | (1.420-2.792) | < 0.001 | 1.568 | (0.780-3.152) | 0.9 |
| Asian v. | |||||||||
| Black | 0.654 | (0.301-1.424) | 1.00 | 0.435 | (0.284-0.667) | < 0.001 | 0.270 | (0.109-0.666) | < 0.001 |
| Latin | 0.698 | (0.152-3.204) | 1.00 | 0.280 | (0.172-0.452) | < 0.001 | 0.383 | (0.102-1.440) | 0.50 |
| Other | 1.528 | (0.808-2.888) | 0.8 | 0.415 | (0.277-0.622) | < 0.001 | 0.379 | (0.147-0.973) | 0.04 |
| White | 1.029 | (0.535-1.978) | 1.00 | 0.458 | (0.321-0.652) | < 0.001 | 0.562 | (0.226-1.396) | 0.9 |
| Black v. | |||||||||
| Latin | 1.067 | (0.202-5.641) | 1.00 | 0.643 | (0.407-1.017) | 0.07 | 1.420 | (0.532-3.789) | 1.00 |
| Other | 2.335 | (1.111-4.908) | 0.01 | 0.955 | (0.541-1.688) | 1.00 | 1.403 | (0.748-2.631) | 1.00 |
| White | 1.573 | (0.791-3.126) | 0.8 | 1.052 | (0.704-1.574) | 1.00 | 2.083 | (1.040-4.171) | 0.03 |
| Latin v. | |||||||||
| Other | 2.188 | (0.592-8.087) | 1.00 | 1.485 | (0.810-2.722) | 0.8 | 0.988 | (0.398-2.451) | 1.00 |
| White | 1.474 | (0.412-5.265) | 1.00 | 1.636 | (1.043-2.565) | 0.02 | 1.467 | (0.636-3.383) | 1.00 |
| Other v. | |||||||||
| White | 0.674 | (0.442-1.026) | 0.09 | 1.101 | (0.806-1.505) | 1.00 | 1.485 | (0.912-2.418) | 0.3 |
| Region (χ2 = 81.292, p < 0.001) | |||||||||
| British Columbia v. | |||||||||
| Ontario and Quebec | 1.427 | (1.087-1.994) | 0.005 | 1.310 | (0.983-1.746) | 0.08 | 1.469 | (1.058-2.039) | 0.01 |
| Alberta andSaskatchewan | 1.209 | (0.909-1.609) | 0.5 | 1.795 | (1.179-2.733) | 0.002 | 2.369 | (1.638-3.426) | < 0.001 |
| Eastern provinces | 1.474 | (1.016-2.139) | 0.3 | 1.243 | (0.879-1.757) | 0.6 | 1.087 | (0.747-1.579) | 1.00 |
| Ontario and Quebec v. | |||||||||
| Alberta andSaskatchewan | 0.822 | (0.622-1.086) | 0.4 | 1.370 | (0.955-1.965) | 0.1 | 1.612 | (1.034-2.514) | 0.03 |
| Eastern provinces | 1.002 | (0.687-1.461) | 1.00 | 0.949 | (0.727-1.237) | 1.00 | 0.740 | (0.485-1.128) | 0.4 |
| Alberta and Saskatchewan v. | |||||||||
| Eastern provinces | 1.219 | (0.900-1.651) | 0.50 | 0.692 | (0.508-0.943) | 0.01 | 0.459 | (0.318-0.661) | < 0.001 |
| Spending money (χ2 = 79.051, p < 0.001), $ | |||||||||
| 1-20 v. | |||||||||
| ≥ 21 | 1.120 | (0.790-1.588) | 1.00 | 0.919 | (0.748-1.130) | 1.00 | 0.649 | (0.466-0.903) | 0.003 |
| Not stated | 1.466 | (0.930-2.313) | 0.2 | 1.615 | (1.265-2.062) | < 0.001 | 1.419 | (0.989-2.035) | 0.06 |
| Zero | 1.470 | (0.838-2.581) | 0.4 | 1.510 | (1.183-1.929) | < 0.001 | 1.100 | (0.704-1.719) | 1.00 |
| ≥ 21 v. | |||||||||
| Not stated | 1.309 | (0.817-2.098) | 0.8 | 1.756 | (1.371-2.250) | < 0.001 | 2.187 | (1.412-3.386) | < 0.001 |
| Zero | 1.312 | (0.718-2.400) | 1.00 | 1.643 | (1.254-2.152) | < 0.001 | 1.695 | (1.059-2.712) | 0.02 |
| Not stated v. | |||||||||
| Zero | 1.003 | (0.552-1.823) | 1.00 | 0.935 | (0.734-1.191) | 1.00 | 0.775 | (0.490-1.227) | 0.9 |
| Smoking (χ2 = 1241.328, p < 0.001) | |||||||||
| Experimental v. | |||||||||
| Ever smoker | 2.759 | (0.672-11.324) | 0.3 | 0.603 | (0.396-0.918) | 0.01 | 0.299 | (0.190-0.470) | < 0.001 |
| Never smoker | 1.851 | (1.037-3.303) | 0.03 | 8.535 | (7.031-10.362) | < 0.001 | 17.161 | (11.879-24.791) | < 0.001 |
| Ever smoker v. | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 0.671 | (0.181-2.483) | 1.00 | 14.151 | (9.571-20.924) | < 0.001 | 57.462 | (36.009-91.695) | < 0.001 |
| Ever binged on alcohol (χ2 = 542.554, p < 0.001) | 1.732 | (1.336-2.245) | < 0.001 | 7.266 | (6.120-8.626) | < 0.001 | 9.998 | (7.202-13.880) | < 0.001 |
| Reference category | Ref: Substance abstinence | Ref: Substance abstinence | Ref: Substance abstinence | ||||||
Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.
*Bonferroni corrected p values.