| Characteristic | Physicians reimbursed by FFS | Physicians reimbursed by a blended plan | Physicians reimbursed by an APP | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of services provided | No. of services claimed (claims rate) | No. of services provided | No. of services claimed (claims rate) | No. of services provided | No. of services claimed (claims rate) | ||
| Overall claims | 99 208 | 91 073 (91.8) | 22 094 | 21 122 (95.6) | 28 078 | 25 270 (90.0) | < 0.001 |
| Physician specialty | |||||||
| Surgery | 36 797 | 34 000 (92.4) | 3 894 | 3 629 (93.2) | 4 686 | 4 152 (88.6) | < 0.001 |
| Internal medicine | 10 213 | 9 610 (94.1) | 4 440 | 4 218 (95.0) | 11 174 | 10 202 (91.3) | < 0.001 |
| Neurology/neurosurgery | 142 | 135 (95.1) | 169 | 166 (98.2) | 215 | 195 (90.7) | 0.006 |
| Pediatrics | 31 639 | 30 088 (95.1) | 13 530 | 13 083 (96.7) | 11 929 | 10 653 (89.3) | < 0.001 |
| Psychiatry | 3 357 | 3 256 (97.0) | 22 | 8 (36.4) | − | − | |
| Others | 17 060 | 14 006 (82.1) | 39 | 24 (61.5) | 74 | 57 (77.0) | 0.002 |
| Are you obligated or recommended to shadow bill? | |||||||
| Yes | − | 7 963 | 7 573 (95.1) | 27 373 | 24 636 (90.0) | < 0.001 | |
| No | − | 14 131 | 13 382 (94.7) | 705 | 680 (96.4) | < 0.001 | |
| If your program or department has an APP, does it use any type of incentives to promote the use of shadow billing? | |||||||
| Yes | − | 2 828 | 2 715 (96.0) | 3 407 | 3 189 (93.6) | < 0.001 | |
| No | − | 19 266 | 18 399 (95.5) | 24 671 | 22 056 (89.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Physician age, yr | |||||||
| < 40 | 33 906 | 32 312 (95.3) | 14 079 | 13 600 (96.6) | 6 829 | 6 153 (90.1) | < 0.001 |
| 40-59 | 62 770 | 56 430 (89.9) | 7 535 | 7 060 (93.7) | 20 847 | 18 762 (90.0) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 60 | 2 532 | 2 332 (92.1) | 480 | 460 (95.8) | 402 | 335 (83.3) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 70 109 | 64 290 (91.7) | 17 855 | 17 069 (95.6) | 21 269 | 18 887 (88.8) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 29 099 | 26 771 (92.0) | 4 239 | 4 048 (95.5) | 6 809 | 6 360 (93.4) | < 0.001 |
| Length of time in practice, yr | |||||||
| < 5 | 21 211 | 20 341 (95.9) | 834 | 801 (96.0) | 5 773 | 5 334 (92.4) | < 0.001 |
| 5-14 | 36 668 | 32 891 (89.7) | 16 010 | 15 370 (96.0) | 8 178 | 7 074 (86.5) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 15 | 41 329 | 37 857 (91.6) | 5 250 | 4 951 (94.3) | 14 127 | 12 841(90.9) | < 0.001 |
Note: APP = alternative payment plan, blended = plans with both FFS and APP components, FFS = fee-for-service payment plan.