| Characteristic | Prepregnancy BMI category; no. (%) of participants* | p value‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall(n = 1541) | Underweight (n = 58)† | Normal weight(n = 994)† | Overweight (n = 328)† | Obese (n = 161)† | ||
| Prepregnancy BMI, mean ± SD | - | 17.7 ± 0.9 | 21.8 ± 1.7 | 27.1 ± 1.4 | 34.5 ± 4.2 | |
| Height, cm, mean ± SD | - | 167.2 ± 6.9 | 165.6 ± 6.4 | 166.1 ± 6.2 | 165.0 ± 7.7 | |
| Prepregnancy weight, kg, mean ± SD | - | 49.5 ± 5.1 | 59.9 ± 6.5 | 74.8 ± 7.0 | 94.0 ± 13.6 | |
| Gestational weight gain, kg, mean ± SD | - | 16.9 ± 6.8 | 15.5 ± 5.3 | 15.2 ± 6.0 | 12.3 ± 7.8 | |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD (n = 1519) | - | 28.8 ± 4.1 | 31.2 ± 4.3 | 31.8 ± 4.4 | 31.2 ± 4.4 | |
| Parity | 0.077 | |||||
| 0 | 827 (53.7) | 30 (3.6) | 563 (68.1) | 155 (18.7) | 79 (9.6) | |
| 1 | 539 (35.0) | 18 (3.3) | 333 (61.8) | 128 (23.7) | 60 (11.1) | |
| ≥ 2 | 151 (9.8) | 5 (3.3) | 87 (57.6) | 42 (27.8) | 17 (11.3) | |
| Unknown | 24 (1.6) | 5 (20.8) | 11 (45.8) | 3 (12.5) | 5 (20.8) | |
| Marital status | 0.115 | |||||
| Married/common-law | 1460 (94.7) | 49 (3.4) | 948 (64.9) | 315 (21.6) | 148 (10.1) | |
| Divorced/separated/single | 59 (3.8) | 5 (8.5) | 37 (62.7) | 9 (15.3) | 8 (13.6) | |
| Unknown | 22 (1.4) | 4 (18.2) | 9 (40.9) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (22.7) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.002 | |||||
| Asian | 176 (11.4) | 8 (4.5) | 133 (75.6) | 28 (15.9) | 7 (4.0) | |
| White | 1241 (80.5) | 38 (3.1) | 794 (64.0) | 275 (22.2) | 134 (10.8) | |
| Other | 94 (6.1) | 7 (7.4) | 54 (57.4) | 19 (20.2) | 14 (14.9) | |
| Unknown | 30 (1.9) | 5 (16.7) | 13 (43.3) | 6 (20.0) | 6 (20.0) | |
| Family income, $ | 0.152 | |||||
| < 70 000 | 325 (21.1) | 16 (4.9) | 200 (61.5) | 68 (20.9) | 41 (12.6) | |
| ≥ 70 000 | 1178 (76.4) | 36 (3.1) | 774 (65.7) | 253 (21.4) | 115 (9.8) | |
| Unknown | 38 (2.5) | 6 (15.8) | 20 (52.6) | 7 (18.4) | 5 (13.2) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | |||||
| High school diploma or lower | 164 (10.6) | 9 (5.5) | 92 (56.1) | 31 (18.9) | 32 (19.5) | |
| Completed trade/technical school | 286 (18.6) | 8 (2.8) | 162 (56.6) | 77 (26.9) | 39 (13.6) | |
| Completed university | 704 (45.7) | 23 (3.3) | 465 (66.1) | 156 (22.2) | 60 (8.5) | |
| Completed postgraduate degree | 354 (23.0) | 12 (3.4) | 262 (74.0) | 56 (15.8) | 24 (6.8) | |
| Unknown | 33 (2.1) | 6 (18.2) | 13 (39.4) | 8 (24.2) | 6 (18.2) | |
Note: BMI = body mass index.
*Unless stated otherwise.
†Proportions are row proportions.
‡χ2 test.