| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants with at least 1 TBI§§,¶¶ n = 77519 | No. (%) of participants without TBI n = 1401887 |
|---|---|---|
| Incarcerated over follow-up | ||
| No | 77117 (99.5) | 1398556 (99.8) |
| Yes | 402 (0.5) | 3331 (0.2) |
| Age, yr; mean ± SD | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 23.1 ± 3.2 |
| Age group, yr | ||
| 18-21 | 32235 (41.6) | 489801 (34.9) |
| 22-24 | 19779 (25.5) | 372714 (26.6) |
| 25-28 | 25505 (32.9) | 539372 (38.5) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 28410 (36.6) | 702603 (50.1) |
| Male | 49109 (63.4) | 699284 (49.9) |
| Rural residence | ||
| No | 65596 (84.6) | 1207066 (86.1) |
| Yes | 11657 (15.0) | 171652 (12.2) |
| Missing | 266 (0.3) | 23169 (1.7) |
| Material deprivation* | ||
| Q1 (least deprived) | 15248 (19.7) | 328137 (23.4) |
| Q2 | 16063 (20.7) | 307752 (22.0) |
| Q3 | 15825 (20.4) | 277083 (19.8) |
| Q4 | 14342 (18.5) | 235336 (16.8) |
| Q5 (most deprived) | 13057 (16.8) | 195222 (13.9) |
| Missing | 2984 (3.8) | 58357 (4.2) |
| Ethnic concentration* | ||
| Q1 (least) | 11669 (15.0) | 188437 (13.4) |
| Q2 | 15008 (19.4) | 251657 (18.0) |
| Q3 | 13577 (17.5) | 239193 (17.1) |
| Q4 | 14968 (19.3) | 279384 (19.9) |
| Q5 (most) | 19313 (24.9) | 384859 (27.5) |
| Missing | 2984 (3.8) | 58357 (4.2) |
| Residential instability* | ||
| Q1 (least unstable) | 15491 (20.0) | 312087 (22.3) |
| Q2 | 15296 (19.7) | 285173 (20.3) |
| Q3 | 14741 (19.0) | 255428 (18.2) |
| Q4 | 17437 (22.5) | 288167 (20.6) |
| Q5 (most unstable) | 11570 (14.9) | 202675 (14.5) |
| Missing | 2984 (3.8) | 58357 (4.2) |
| Previous TBI†,‡ | ||
| No | 68639 (88.5) | 1326647 (94.6) |
| Yes | 8880 (11.5) | 75240 (5.4) |
| Psychotic mood disorder†,§,¶ | ||
| No | 76368 (98.5) | 1 390308 (99.2) |
| Yes | 1151 (1.5) | 11579 (0.8) |
| Nonpsychotic mood disorder†,§,** | ||
| No | 57909 (74.7) | 1119044 (79.8) |
| Yes | 19610 (25.3) | 282843 (20.2) |
| Substance use disorder†,§,†† | ||
| No | 74869 (96.6) | 1381839 (98.6) |
| Yes | 2650 (3.4) | 20048 (1.4) |
| Social problems†,§,††,‡‡ | ||
| No | 74721 (96.4) | 1365949 (97.4) |
| Yes | 2798 (3.6) | 35938 (2.6) |
Note: ICD-9 = International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, [Clinical Modification], Q = quintile, SD = standard deviation, TBI = traumatic brain injury.
*As per the Ontario Marginalization Index42 by quintile.
†Medical records from physician visits, including primary care providers.
‡History of TBI between Apr. 1, 1993, and June 30, 1997.
§History of diagnosis between Jan. 1, 1995, and June 30, 1997.
¶Defined as hospital visit for ICD-9 diagnostic codes 295-298.
**Defined as hospital visit for ICD-9 diagnostic codes 300-302, 306, 309 and 3011.
††Defined as hospital visit for ICD-9 diagnostic codes 291-292 and 303-304.
‡‡Defined as hospital visit for ICD-9 diagnostic codes 897-906 and 909.
§§At least 1 TBI between Apr. 1, 1997, and December 2011.
¶¶Unless specified otherwise.