| Exposure | Site; % of cases | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung | Breast | Larynx | Colorectum | Liver | Esophagus | Oral cavity and pharynx | Pancreas | Kidney | Endometrium | Gall bladder | Bladder | Stomach | Ovary | Prostate | Cervix | Leukemia | Malignant melanoma | Hodgkin's lymphoma | All | |
| Active smoking | 75.6 | 74.3 | 11.4 | 26.4 | 45.4 | 42.6 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 41.6 | 20.9 | 3.6 | 25.9 | 12.3 | 15.7 | ||||||
| Physical inactivity | 20.7 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 20.4 | 12.5 | 2.9 | 7.2 | |||||||||||||
| Excess body fat | 8.0 | 12.2 | 30.9 | 6.7 | 17.3 | 30.3 | 20.3 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||
| Occupation† | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Radon | 16.7 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Human papillomavirus‡ | 25.4 | 100.0 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption | 3.3 | 18.2 | 40.0 | 24.7 | 18.6 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Alcohol | 3.0 | 11.4 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 11.3 | 16.6 | 1.7 | |||||||||||||
| Ever hormone replacement therapy use | 15.5 | -11.2 | 8.9 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Inadequate vitamin D intake | 1.9 | 9.2 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current hormone replacement therapy use | 12.0 | -5.4 | 7.8 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Medical radiation24 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Inadequate calcium intake | 7.1 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Oral contraceptive use | 6.4 | -57.4 | -29.1 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Excess red meat consumption | 9.5 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inadequate fibre intake | 6.0 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Excess processed meat consumption | 2.9 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Natural ultraviolet radiation‡ | 12.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Helicobacter pylori‡ | 22.6 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hepatitis B virus‡ | 26.7 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Epstein-Barr virus‡ | 31.1 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Air pollution | 1.9 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Excess salt | 11.7 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hepatitis C virus‡ | 15.7 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Disinfection by-products‡ | 2.5 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Passive smoking | 5.2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Artificial ultraviolet radiation‡ | 1.9 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| All exposures | 85.5 | 49.7 | 81.4 | 57.0 | 56.4 | 79.9 | 73.1 | 24.7 | 33.6 | 80.1 | 20.3 | 43.1 | 56.0 | 49.8 | 2.9 | 100.0 | 12.3 | 14.2 | 31.1 | 40.8 |
*Cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva and nasopharynx were also included in the summary analysis but are not displayed in the table.
†Paul Demers, Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario: personal communication, 2015.
‡Unpublished data.