Benefits |
1. No risk of miscarriage | 83.7 | +13.0 |
2. Noninvasiveness | 63.3 | +1.2 |
3. Results available earlier in the pregnancy | 53.1 | +6.3 |
4. Requires only a blood draw | 42.9 | +5.0 |
5. Increased accuracy | 30.6 | +8.2 |
6. Enhances prospective parents’ ability to prepare | 24.5 | −11.7 |
7. Decreases anxiety for prospective parents | 16.3 | −7.8 |
8. Provides more information potentially useful for decision-making | 16.3 | −25.1 |
9. Answers specific needs | 10.2 | −3.6 |
10. Potential to expand conditions tested | 4.1 | −8.0 |
Challenges |
1. Adequate counselling of patients | 79.6 | +19.3 |
2. Pressure to test | 67.3 | +10.4 |
3. Adequate education of health professionals | 65.3 | +10.1 |
4. Discrimination against people with disabilities | 59.2 | +10.9 |
5. Pressure to terminate | 55.1 | +10.3 |
6. Eugenics | 46.9 | +2.1 |
7. Potential decrease in social support for people with disabilities | 44.9 | +1.8 |
8. Routinization of prenatal testing | 38.8 | +0.9 |
9. Stigmatization of the parents of children living with the tested conditions | 38.8 | −0.9 |
10. Accuracy of the test | 34.7 | −1.5 |
11. Decrease in social diversity | 34.7 | +5.4 |
12. Adequate professional guidelines | 32.7 | −5.2 |
13. Consent | 32.7 | +1.7 |
14. Cost of implementation | 32.7 | −1.8 |
15. Selective pregnancy termination | 32.7 | −5.2 |
16. What conditions to test | 30.6 | +8.2 |
17. Increased number of terminated pregnancies | 30.6 | −0.4 |
18. Conflicts of interest linked to commercialization | 28.6 | −2.4 |
19. Misperceptions of the reliability testing | 28.6 | −11.1 |
20. Existence of adequate policies | 28.6 | −5.9 |
21. Respect of human rights | 26.5 | −4.5 |
22. Access-related issues | 24.5 | −1.4 |
23. Increased anxiety for prospective parents | 18.4 | −7.5 |
24. Conflict with religious values | 14.3 | +2.2 |
25. Assigning responsibility to care for the child | 8.2 | −0.4 |
26. Utility of the test | 8.2 | −12.5 |
27. Confidentiality of the results | 2.0 | −13.5 |
Principles |
1. Informed decision-making | 81.6 | +2.3 |
2. Evidence-based decision-making | 59.2 | +8.9 |
3. Respect for human dignity | 53.1 | +2.3 |
4. Equitable access | 51.0 | +7.9 |
5. Free choice | 51.0 | −0.7 |
6. Fair resource allocation | 46.9 | +0.3 |
7. Respect for diversity | 44.9 | +1.8 |
8. Solidarity with people living with the tested conditions | 44.9 | −10.3 |
9. Human rights | 40.8 | +0.6 |
10. Equality between persons | 38.8 | +6 |
11. Nonmaleficence (do not harm) | 36.7 | −6.4 |
12. Autonomy | 30.6 | −7.3 |
13. Protection of privacy | 28.6 | −5.9 |
14. Sanctity of life | 28.6 | +4.5 |
15. Inclusiveness | 22.4 | −6.9 |
16. Beneficence | 18.4 | −5.7 |