Prenatal care of women who gave birth to a child with FASD compared with that of women who did not give birth to a child with FASD
| Outcome | Crude rate (%) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)* | Sensitivity to unmeasured confounding† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women who gave birth to a child with FASD n = 702 | Women who did not give birth to a child with FASD n = 2097 | |||
| Trimester in which care was initiated | ||||
| First trimester | 536 (76.4) | 1798 (85.7) | 0.88 (0.81–0.97) | 17.9 |
| Second trimester | 116 (16.5) | 209 (10.0) | 1.69 (1.35–2.13) | 56.9 |
| Third trimester | 33 (4.7) | 65 (3.1) | 1.54 (1.02–2.35) | 4.1 |
| Late or no initiation of PNC | 166 (23.7) | 299 (14.3) | 1.69 (1.39–2.04) | 63.8 |
| Low number of PNC visits | 209 (29.8) | 200 (9.5) | 3.15 (2.59–3.83) | 83.1 |
| Quality of PNC care as determined by the R-GINDEX | ||||
| Inadequate PNC | 234 (33.3) | 287 (13.7) | 2.47 (2.08–2.94) | 80.9 |
| Intermediate PNC | 175 (24.9) | 327 (15.6) | 1.62 (1.34–1.94) | 61.8 |
| Adequate PNC | 113 (16.1) | 399 (19.0) | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | NS |
| Intensive PNC | 123 (17.5) | 1036 (49.4) | 0.35 (0.29–0.43) | 82.0 |
| No PNC | 57 (8.1) | 48 (2.2) | 3.55 (2.42–5.22) | 69.7 |
| Inadequate or no PNC | 291 (41.5) | 335 (16.0) | 2.63 (2.25–3.08) | 87.3 |
Note: CI = confidence interval, FASD = fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, NS = not statistically signifcant; PNC = prenatal care, RR = relative risk. We adjusted for region of residence, age at birth of index child and socioeconomic status.
↵* Women who gave birth to a child with FASB v. women who did not give birth to a child with FASD (reference).
↵† Analyzed using γ sensitivity test; γ sensitivity analysis was not conducted for findings that were not statistically significant.