Characteristics of women whose child(ren) was (were) diagnosed with FASD and a matched sample of women whose child(ren) did not have FASD
| Characteristic | Study group, no. (%)* n = 702 | Comparison group, no. (%)* n = 2097 |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at birth of index child, yr | ||
| Mean ± SD | 24.43 ± 6.14 | 29.24 ± 5.69 |
| Range | 14–43 | 14–46 |
| Maternal age at birth of index child, yr | ||
| < 18 | 72 (10.3) | 231 (11.0) |
| 18–24 | 333 (47.4) | 831 (39.6) |
| 25–29 | 146 (20.8) | 525 (25.0) |
| 30–34 | 96 (13.7) | 367 (17.5) |
| ≥ 35 and missing† | 55 (7.8) | 143 (6.8) |
| Maternal age at first birth, yr | ||
| < 18 | 266 (37.9) | 246 (11.7) |
| 18–24 | 340 (48.4) | 854 (43.1) |
| 25–29 | 54 (7.7) | 530 (25.3) |
| 30–34 | 29 (4.1) | 306 (14.6) |
| ≥ 35 and missing† | 13 (1.9) | 112 (5.3) |
| History of teen pregnancy | 266 (37.9) | 246 (11.7) |
| Region of residence | ||
| Rural | 251 (35.8) | 764 (36.4) |
| Urban | 451 (64.2) | 1333 (63.6) |
| Mean household income | ||
| Q1 (lowest) | 466 (64.4) | 1398 (66.7) |
| Q2 | 104 (14.8) | 312 (14.9) |
| Q3 | 57 (8.1) | 171 (8.2) |
| Q4 | 36 (5.1) | 108 (5.2) |
| Q5 (highest) | 26 (3.7) | 78 (3.7) |
| Missing | 13 (1.9) | 30 (1.4) |
| Receipt of income assistance 3 yr before birth of the index child‡ | 63 (18.3) | 98 (9.6) |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Income quintile | ||
| Low (Q1) | 466 (66.4) | 1398 (66.7) |
| Middle (Q2 and Q3) | 161 (22.9) | 483 (23.0) |
| High (Q4 and Q5) | 62 (8.8) | 186 (8.9) |
| Missing | 13 (1.9) | 30 (1.4) |
| Married at birth of child | 66 (9.4) | 773 (36.9) |
| Gravidity | ||
| 0–3 | 357 (50.9) | 1966 (93.8) |
| ≥ 4 | 306 (43.6) | 113 (5.4) |
| Missing | 39 (5.6) | 18 (0.9) |
| Parity | ||
| 0–3 | 524 (74.6) | 2063 (98.4) |
| ≥ 4 | 139 (19.8) | 16 (0.8) |
| Missing | 39 (5.6) | 18 (0.9) |
| Involvement with child and family services 3 yr before the birth of the child§ | n = 345§ 228 (66.1) | n = 1026§ 136 (13.3) |
| Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder 3 yr before the birth of the child¶ | 580 (82.6) | 566 (27.0) |
| Substance abuse** | 179 (25.5) | 41 (2.0) |
| Personality disorder** | 22 (3.1) | 6 (0.3) |
| Mood and anxiety disorder** | 237 (33.8) | 397 (18.9) |
| Schizophrenia** | †† | †† |
| Prenatal psychological distress‡‡ | 529 (75.4) | 293 (14.0) |
| Postnatal psychological distress§§ | 528 (75.2) | 923 (44.0) |
Note: FASD = fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† There were fewer than 6 women in the study group with missing information for this characteristic. To ensure that we adhered to the privacy rules associated with using MCHP data, we combined these women with the women in the ≥ 35 yr class.
↵‡ Income data were available after 1995. Therefore, the denominator was limited to women who had babies after 1998 to ensure 3 years of data were available before the birth of the child to evaluate the number of women who had income assistance 3 years before the birth of their children; 345 women in the study group and 1026 women in the comparison group had babies after 1998.
↵§ Data from child and family services were available after 1995. Therefore, the denominator was limited to women who had babies after 1998 to ensure 3 years of data were available before the birth of the child; 345 women in the study group and 1026 women in the control group had babies after 1998.
↵¶ Includes substance abuse, personality disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, prenatal psychological distress, postnatal psychological distress and schizophrenia.
↵** Diagnosed 3 yr before the birth of the index child.
↵†† The crude was rate suppressed because n < 6.
↵‡‡ Diagnosed 8 mo before the birth of the index child.
↵§§ Diagnosed 12 mo after the birth of the index child.