Crude proportions and adjusted rate ratios of diabetic ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients with DKA, by characteristic | Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|
| Age group, yr | ||
| 1–4 | 296 (29.1) | 1.00 |
| 5–11 | 659 (30.1) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) |
| 12–17 | 526 (20.5) | 0.70 (0.62–0.79) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 793 (26.5) | 1.00 |
| Female | 678 (24.7) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
| SES† | ||
| Least deprived | 597 (24.7) | 1.00 |
| Moderately deprived | 295 (26.5) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) |
| Most deprived | 528 (26.1) | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) |
| Rural status‡ | ||
| Urban, population > 100 000 | 956 (25.2) | 1.00 |
| Small cities, 10 000–100 000 | 205 (29.2) | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) |
| Rural, < 10 000 | 294 (24.4) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, SES = socioeconomic status.
↵* Poisson regression was conducted to adjust for age group, sex, socioeconomic status, rural status and year.
↵† SES was derived from combined social and material deprivation indices. Data on SES were missing for 189 children: 138 without DKA and 51 with DKA. Social and material quintiles were combined into a 5 × 5 table, and the 25 combined categories were grouped into 3 categories: least deprived, moderately deprived and most deprived.
↵‡ Data on rural status were missing for 48 children: 32 without DKA and 16 with DKA.