Pollutant (median with IQR) | Lag (days) | OR* (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entire study population (citywide NO2) n = 6142 | Low NO2 tertile n = 1660 | Medium NO2 tertile n = 3088 | High NO2 tertile† n = 1384 | ||
CO (0.35, IQR 0.27–0.47) | 0 index day | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
1-day lag | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 1.09 (0.99–1.21) | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 0.96 (0.88–1.03) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | |
NO2 (18.22, IQR 12.67–25.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) |
1-day lag | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 1.16 (1.05–1.28)† | |
2-day lag | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.00 (0.93–1.06) | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.00 (0.88–1.12) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 1.20 (1.05–1.36) | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40)† | |
O3 max (39.00, IQR 32.00–47.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.02 (0.96–1.10) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
1-day lag | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.97 (0.93–1.03) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | |
2-day lag | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | |
0- to 2-day average | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | |
SO2 (1.00, IQR 1.00–2.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15)† |
1-day lag | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.10 (1.03–1.16) | |
2-day lag | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | |
PM10 20.00, IQR 14.00–30.00) | 0 index day | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) |
1-day lag | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)† | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16)† | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | |
PM2.5 (7.00, IQR 4.33–10.50) | 0 index day | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) |
1-day lag | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | |
2-day lag | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.07 (1.00–1.13) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | |
AQHI (4.01, IQR 3.49–4.65) | 0 index day | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
1-day lag | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.12 (1.05–1.20)† | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23)† | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 1.13 (1.02–1.24)† |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CO = carbon monoxide, IQR = interquartile range, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, OR = odds ratio, O3 = ozone, PM10 = particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter, PM2.5 = particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter, SO2 = sulfur dioxide.
* Odds ratios are adjusted for temperature and relative humidity.
↵† Significant difference comparing OR in the highest NO2 tertile to the lowest NO2 tertile using the Cochran Q test.
Significant associations are bolded.