Baseline characteristics of patients included in the base cohort
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) of patients*† | |
|---|---|---|
| DOAC n = 142 336 | Warfarin n = 113 515 | |
| Age, mean ± SE, yr | 74.7 ± 1.3 | 75.8 ± 0.9 |
| Sex, male | 76 572 (53.8) | 61 200 (53.9) |
| Year of base cohort entry | ||
| 2009–2010 | 302 (0.2) | 19 093 (16.8) |
| 2011–2012 | 29 959 (21.0) | 40 022 (35.3) |
| 2013–2014 | 56 574 (39.7) | 37 457 (33.0) |
| 2015–2016 | 55 420 (38.9) | 16 943 (14.9) |
| DOAC received at study entry | ||
| Dabigatran | 44 639 (31.4) | – |
| 110 mg twice daily | 22 296 (49.9) | – |
| 150 mg twice daily | 20 409 (45.7) | – |
| Other | 1934 (4.3) | – |
| Rivaroxaban | 55 131 (38.7) | – |
| 15 mg once daily | 13 473 (24.4) | – |
| 20 mg once daily | 39 005 (70.7) | – |
| Other | 2653 (4.8) | – |
| Apixaban | 42 566 (29.9) | – |
| 2.5 mg twice daily | 14 250 (33.5) | – |
| 5 mg twice daily | 26 504 (62.3) | – |
| Other | 1812 (4.3) | – |
| Treatment switches | 6826 (4.8) | 32 780 (28.9) |
| Length of follow-up, mean ± SE, d | 624.7 ± 67.1 | 1015.2 ± 96.1 |
| Medical diagnoses | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 33 558 (23.6) | 38 824 (34.2) |
| Hypertension | 106 256 (74.6) | 90 957 (80.1) |
| Diabetes | 42 813 (30.1) | 41 327 (36.4) |
| Stroke | 23 540 (16.5) | 23 396 (20.6) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 7314 (5.1) | 6788 (6.0) |
| Chronic kidney injury | 14 345 (10.1) | 20 470 (18.0) |
| Acute kidney injury | 5798 (4.1) | 9505 (8.4) |
| Liver disease | 5739 (4.0) | 4270 (3.8) |
| Cancer | 15 039 (10.6) | 14 606 (12.9) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 38 010 (26.7) | 38 864 (34.2) |
| Coronary atherosclerosis | 64 340 (45.2) | 57 846 (51.0) |
| Myocardial infarction | 19 978 (14.0) | 21 914 (19.3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 17 873 (12.6) | 20 668 (18.2) |
| Prior bleeding | 9208 (6.5) | 11 942 (10.5) |
| Dementia | 14 866 (10.4) | 12 018 (10.6) |