Morphine equivalents prescribed per patient seen before and after implementation of the guideline
| Drug | Before guideline implementation, MME | After guideline implementation, MME | Average reduction (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average | Median | Average | Median | ||
| Hydromorphone IR | 6.84 | 6.24 | 4.62 | 4.14 | −2.22 (−3.27 to −1.17) |
| Hydromorphone ER | 1.00 | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.00 | −0.47 (−0.97 to 0.04) |
| Morphine IR | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.24 | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.11) |
| Morphine SR | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.00 | −0.20 (−0.66 to 0.25) |
| Oxycodone + acetaminophen tablets | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | −0.02 (−0.10 to 0.08) |
| Acetaminophen + caffeine + codeine tablets | 1.65 | 1.25 | 1.39 | 0.99 | −0.26 (−0.66 to 0.14) |
| Total | 10.36 | 8.86 | 7.14 | 6.18 | −3.22 (−4.81 to −1.63) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release, SR = sustained release.