Characteristic | Regression model; relative cost* (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nonadvanced liver disease† n = 45 539 | Advanced liver disease‡ n = 3838 | Terminal disease§ n = 8401 | |
Age, yr | |||
20 | 1.38 (1.30–1.47) | 0.91 (0.83–1.02) | 0.73 (0.65–0.82) |
30 | 1.09 (1.07–1.13) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) |
40 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
50 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | 1.05 (0.99–1.10) | 1.12 (1.08–1.15) |
60 | 1.25 (1.21–1.29) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) |
70 | 1.73 (1.64–1.82) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 1.27 (1.20–1.36) |
80 | 2.73 (2.51–2.98) | 1.19 (0.97–1.47) | 1.30 (1.20–1.41) |
Sex | |||
Female | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Male | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) |
Neighbourhood income quintile | |||
Q1 (lowest) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Q2 | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
Q3 | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
Q4 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) |
Q5 (highest) | 0.79 (0.74–0.84) | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) |
Measures of comorbidity | |||
Aggregated Diagnosis Groups score | |||
0–3 | 0.64 (0.62–0.68) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.75 (0.69–0.82) |
4–7 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
8–10 | 1.64 (1.56–1.72) | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 1.48 (1.37–1.59) |
≥ 11 | 3.44 (3.24–3.65) | 1.79 (1.58–2.02) | 2.10 (1.95–2.25) |
Immigrant | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 0.62 (0.57–0.67) | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 1.19 (1.06–1.34) |
Hepatitis C virus infection treatment | |||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 2.65 (2.56–2.74) | 1.78 (1.62–1.97) | 1.07 (0.83–1.37) |
Health state | |||
No cirrhosis | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | – | – |
No cirrhosis (RNA negative) | Reference | – | – |
Compensated cirrhosis | 1.53 (1.41–1.66) | – | – |
Decompensated cirrhosis | – | Reference | – |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | – | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | – |
Both decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma | – | 1.69 (1.45–1.97) | – |
Liver transplantation | – | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | – |
Terminal, non–liver-related | – | – | Reference |
Terminal, liver-related | – | – | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Calculated by taking exp (B), where B is the coefficient in the multiple regression predicting log-transformed cost. Relative cost for any category represents the proportion by which mean cost is increased relative to the referent category, all other variables being held constant.
↵† Includes health states of no cirrhosis, no cirrhosis (RNA negative) and compensated cirrhosis.
↵‡ Includes health states of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, both decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation.
↵§ Includes health states of terminal (non-liver-related) and terminal (liver-related).