Multipredictor model of exclusive breastfeeding (n = 9709)*
| Variable | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Screened (≥ 3 measures v. < 3 measures) | 0.57 (0.51–0.64) |
| Birth year | |
| 2014 | Ref. |
| 2015 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) |
| 2016 | 0.70 (0.62–0.79) |
| 2017 | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) |
| 2018 | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) |
| Antenatal parity ≥ 1 | 1.88 (1.71–2.06) |
| Hypertension or pre-eclampsia | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) |
| Obesity | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) |
| Smoking by the birthing parent | 0.76 (0.64–0.91) |
| Social issues or perinatal inpatient drug screening | 0.57 (0.38–0.85) |
| Marital status divorced, single or widowed (v. married or common law) | 0.65 (0.55–0.78) |
| Pyrexia | 0.73 (0.53–1.00) |
| Induced | 0.83 (0.75–0.91) |
| Mode of birth | |
| Simple vaginal | Ref. |
| Assisted vaginal | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) |
| Elective cesarian | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) |
| Emergency cesarian | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) |
| 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 8 | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) |
| Brief postnatal CPAP | 1.13 (0.79–1.62) |
| Newborn cardiorespiratory issue | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) |
| Laceration | |
| None | Ref. |
| First or second degree | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) |
| Third or fourth degree | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) |
| Postpartum hemorrhage or anemia | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) |
| Birthing parent obstetric complication | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.
↵* The final step of the model is presented; 1256 newborns were omitted owing to missing data. The first model of the binary hierarchical logistic regression contained the confounder variables, and was significant over the null hypothesis, χ2(22) = 501 p < 0.001, with an Nagelkerke R square = 0.068. The second model added glucose screening (≥ 3 v. < 3 measures) on exclusive breastfeeding at 24 hours. The logistic regression was significant over null hypothesis (χ2(23) = 595; p < 0.001), and an improvement over the first model (χ2(1) = 94; p < 0.001) with an R square = 0.080.