Baseline characteristics of the participants in the cohort study
| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants* n = 198 |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yr | 45 (37–54) |
| Female sex | 87 (43.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | 67 (33.8) |
| Black | 20 (10.1) |
| Asian | 85 (42.9) |
| Hispanic | 25 (12.6) |
| Indigenous | < 5 (< 2.5) |
| Prior neurologic or psychiatric diagnosis | 28 (14.1) |
| Spinal stenosis and back pain | 3 (1.5) |
| Vertigo | 3 (1.5) |
| Benign brain tumour (pituitary adenoma, schwannoma) | 3 (1.5) |
| Depression and anxiety | 1 (0.5) |
| Epilepsy | 2 (1.0) |
| Parkinson disease | 1 (0.5) |
| Cognitive impairment | 1 (0.5) |
| Dementia | 1 (0.5) |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 1 (0.5) |
| Other past medical history (n = 148) | |
| Hypertension | 41 (27.7) |
| Diabetes | 29 (19.6) |
| Asthma | 20 (13.5) |
| Heart failure | 3 (2.0) |
| Chronic lung disease (COPD or interstitial disease) | 2 (1.4) |
| Cancer | 2 (1.4) |
| Chronic kidney disease† | 1 (0.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (0.7) |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (0.7) |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 26.7 (23.9–30.6) |
| Smoking history (n = 148) | |
| Current | 21 (14.2) |
| Past (quit > 1 yr earlier) | 42 (28.4) |
| Never | 85 (57.4) |
| Weekly alcohol use, median standard drinks (IQR) | 1 (1–3) |
| Living situation (n = 175) | |
| Independently secured accommodation | 173 (98.9) |
| With relative or friend | 2 (1.1) |
| Independent for instrumental activities of daily living (n = 126) | 124 (98.4) |
| Independent for basic activities of daily living (n = 126) | 124 (98.4) |
| Full-time employment before COVID-19 (n = 126) | 100 (79.4) |
| Years of full-time education, median (IQR) (n = 126) | 15 (12–16) |
| Initial COVID-19 symptoms (nonneurologic) (n = 148) | |
| Cough | 112 (75.7) |
| Malaise | 100 (67.6) |
| Coryza | 83 (56.1) |
| Fever | 74 (50.0) |
| Sore throat | 69 (46.6) |
| Diarrhea | 55 (37.2) |
| Nausea | 47 (31.8) |
| Chest tightness | 45 (30.4) |
| Shortness of breath (dyspnea) | 40 (27.0) |