Median neuropsychiatric test scores, self-reported quality-of-life scores and use of health care services 3 months and 1 year after the onset of mild COVID-19 for patients with and without neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 months*†
| Test | 3 mo; median (IQR) | 1 yr; median (IQR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 mo n = 40 | No neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 mo n = 86 | p value | Any neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 mo n = 40 | No neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 mo n = 86 | p value | |
| T-MoCA‡ | 18.0 (16.0–19.0) | 17.0 (14.0–19.5) | 0.06 | 18.0 (16.0–20.0) | 18.0 (15.0–19.5) | 0.3 |
| K10§ | 20.5 (14.5–23.5) | 11.0 (10.0–13.0) | < 0.001 | 20.5 (12.5–24.0) | 11.0 (10.0–13.0) | < 0.001 |
| MBI-C§ | 3 (0–13) | 0 (0–1) | 0.02 | 5 (0–13) | 0 (0–1) | 0.03 |
| IQCODE§ | 3.0 (3.0–3.1) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.2 | 3.0 (3.0–3.1) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.6 |
| EuroQol EQ-5D-3L | ||||||
| Visual analogue scale‡ | 70.0 (50.0–78.0) | 87.5 (80.0–99.5) | < 0.001 | 75.0 (60.0–80.0) | 90.0 (75.0–98.5) | < 0.001 |
| Mobility§ | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.1 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.3 |
| Self-care§ | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.2 |
| Usual activities§ | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.004 | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.02 |
| Pain§ | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.06 | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.3 |
| Anxiety§ | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Overall utility§ | 0.83 (0.77–0.85) | 1.00 (0.83–1.00) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.80–1.00) | 1.00 (0.83–1.00) | 0.006 |
| Hospital or emergency visits | 0.5 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 | 0.04 | 0.5 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 | 0.02 |
| Primary care visits | 3.5 (1.0–6.0) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.01 | 3.5 (1.0–5.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.02 |
Note: IQCODE = Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, IQR = interquartile range, K10 = Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, MBI-C = Mild Behavioural Impairment Checklist, T-MoCA = telephone version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
↵* Using our strictest definition of symptoms (i.e., excluding anosmia, dysgeusia, myalgia and headache).
↵† Of the 48 patients who reported neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms at 3 months, 40 had data available for the outcomes presented in this table.
↵‡ Lower scores are worse.
↵§ Higher scores are worse.