Background Interferon alfa is widely used for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma but has limited
efficacy and tolerability. Temsirolimus, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of …

Background Lenvatinib in combination with pembrolizumab or everolimus has activity against
advanced renal cell carcinoma. The efficacy of these regimens as compared with that of …

Study Type – Therapy (systematic review) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject?
and What does the study add? The oncological success of partial nephrectomy in the …

Methods To propose guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas, the literature
was reviewed in MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1990 to 2010. We limited the search to …

PTEN is a potent tumor-suppressor protein. Aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer (PC)
is associated with a reduction or loss of PTEN expression. PTEN reduction often occurs …

Purpose: This document seeks to establish guidance for the evaluation and management of
women with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) to prevent inappropriate use of antibiotics…

Methods Recommendations are made based on systematic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, the
Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MacPLUS FS. Where applicable, English studies based on …

Initial management for BPH includes lifestyle modification, and smooth muscle relaxant
alpha blocker therapy. Alpha blockers usually take effect quickly within 3-5 days, and have …

Importance Girentuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds carbonic anhydrase
IX, a cell surface glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (…

Chromatin structure is influenced by histone modification, and this may help direct
chromatin behavior to facilitate transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Chromatin …