Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead
to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-…

Background & Aims GS-9620 is an oral agonist of toll-like receptor 7, a pattern-recognition
receptor whose activation results in innate and adaptive immune stimulation. We evaluated …

BACKGROUND: Although most patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) respond to treatment
with prednisone and/or azathioprine, some patients are intolerant or refractory to standard …

AIMS: Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) exerts several anti-inflammatory effects, accelerates the
healing of experimental gastric ulcers, and can stimulate intestinal secretion. Little is known …

Background Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) is
a validated method for noninvasively staging liver fibrosis. Most hepatic complications occur …

Tests to detect the presence and activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are the cornerstones of
diagnosis and management. Assays that detect or measure serum levels of HB surface antigen…

Background & Aims Peginterferon lambda-1a (lambda) is a Type-III interferon, which, like
alfa interferons, has antiviral activity in vitro against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C …

Background Measuring the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among
people who inject drugs (PWID) is key to track progress towards elimination. We aimed to …

The characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies in different compartments in liver
transplant (LT) recipients may be helpful in optimizing prophylaxis regimens. The aims of …

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which is closely related to human hepatitis B virus and is
considered to be principally hepatotropic, invades the host's lymphatic system and persists in …