Observational studies are emerging as fundamental sources of information about vaccine
effectiveness outside the controlled environment of randomized trials, and they are being used …

Objective To determine whether new users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are at an
increased risk of gastric cancer compared with new users of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (…

Background and Purpose Data on oral anticoagulant (OAC) uptake and pattern of use are
limited. Real‐life data in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are important for understanding …

When estimating the average effect of a binary treatment (or exposure) on an outcome,
methods that incorporate propensity scores, the G‐formula, or targeted maximum likelihood …

Social epidemiologists often seek to determine the mechanisms that underlie health
disparities. This work is typically based on mediation procedures that may not be justified with …

This study examined the associations between the context in which physical activity (PA) is
undertaken (team sports, informal group, individual PA), and each of positive mental health, …

Objective To determine whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with an
increased risk of colorectal cancer, compared with histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). …

The PROmotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) cluster-randomized a program
encouraging breastfeeding to new mothers in hospital centers. The original studies …

This paper investigates the appropriateness of the integration of flexible propensity score
modeling (nonparametric or machine learning approaches) in semiparametric models for the …

The test-negative design is routinely used for the monitoring of seasonal flu vaccine
effectiveness. More recently, it has become integral to the estimation of COVID-19 vaccine …