Research
Open Access
Identifying clusters of coexisting conditions and outcomes among adults admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study
Sarah L. Malecki, Hae Young Jung, Anne Loffler, Mark A. Green, Samir Gupta, Derek MacFadden, Nick Daneman, Ross Upshur, Michael Fralick, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Terence Tang, Adina Weinerman, Janice L. Kwan, Jessica J. Liu, Fahad Razak and Amol A. Verma
September 05, 2023 11 (5) E799-E808; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20220193
Sarah L. Malecki
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScHae Young Jung
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MScAnne Loffler
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDMark A. Green
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDSamir Gupta
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScDerek MacFadden
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD ScDNick Daneman
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScRoss Upshur
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScMichael Fralick
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD PhDLauren Lapointe-Shaw
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD PhDTerence Tang
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDAdina Weinerman
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MHScJanice L. Kwan
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MPHJessica J. Liu
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScFahad Razak
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MScAmol A. Verma
Department of Internal Medicine (Malecki), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Jung, Loffler, Gupta, Razak, Verma), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Geography & Planning (Green), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Respirology (Gupta), Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (MacFadden); University of Ottawa (MacFadden), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Daneman, Weinerman); Division of Clinical Public Health (Upshur), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Sinai Health System (Fralick, Kwan); Department of Medicine (Fralick, Lapointe-Shaw, Tang, Weinerman, Kwan, Liu, Razak, Verma), University of Toronto; University Health Network (Lapointe-Shaw, Liu); Trillium Health Partners (Tang); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Razak, Verma), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MPhil