Table 3: Measures of additional health care use in the year before and the year after the index hospital admission, by cost status*

	Cost status; no. of visits, median (IQR)
Variable	All n = 100 178	Persistently high cost n = 236	Episodic high cost n = 5062	Non–high cost n = 94 880
Year before index admission
Outpatient physician visits	1 (0–5)	6 (1–12)	2 (0–7)	1 (0–5)
Emergency department visits	0 (0–1)	1 (0–2)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)
Medical daycare visits	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Surgical visits	0 (0–0)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Year after index admission
Outpatient physician visits	1 (0–5)	12 (6–22)	4 (0–12)	1 (0–5)
Emergency department visits	0 (0–0)	3 (1–6)	1 (0–2)	0 (0–0)
Medical daycare visits	0 (0–0)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)
Surgical visits	0 (0–0)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)

Note: IQR = interquartile range. *Persistently high cost = costs were in top 5% of cumulative direct costs in 2 or more of the study years; episodic high cost = costs were in top 5% in only 1 of the study years; non–high cost = costs were in the bottom 95% in all study years (includes patients with no events in a fiscal year).