| No previous vaginal deliveries | ≥1 Previous vaginal deliveries | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal outcome | Planned vaginal, no. (%) n = 7 417 | Planned CS, no. (%) n = 20 212 | RR (95% CI) | Planned vaginal, no. (%) n = 3 634 | Planned CS, no. (%) n = 1 639 | RR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Life-threatening or death | ||||||||||||||
| Intrapartum stillbirth | 2 | (0.03) | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||
| Death at ≤ 7 d | 3 | (0.04) | 2 | (0.01) | 4.09 | (0.68–24.46) | 0 | 0 | – | |||||
| Death at 8–28 d | 0 | 6 | (0.03) | – | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||
| Admission to neonatal intensive care nursery† | 40 | (0.5) | 71 | (0.3) | 1.54 | (1.04–2.26) | 8 | (0.2) | 8 | (0.5) | 0.45 | (0.17–1.20) | ||
| Ventilation required | 18 | (0.2) | 34 | (0.2) | 1.40 | (0.79–2.47) | 6 | (0.2) | 6 | (0.2) | 0.45 | (0.15–1.40) | ||
| Apgar score of ≤ 3 at 5 min | 13 | (0.2) | 3 | (0.02) | 8.85 | (2.89–27.14) | 1 | (0.03) | 0 | – | ||||
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | 1 | (0.01) | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||||
| ≥ 1 Life-threatening outcome | 61 | (0.8) | 100 | (0.5) | 1.65 | (1.20–2.26) | 14 | (0.4) | 11 | (0.7) | 0.57 | (0.26–1.26) | ||
| Non–life threatening | ||||||||||||||
| Admission to observation nursery‡ | 238 | (3.2) | 772 | (3.8) | 0.84 | (0.73–0.97) | 96 | (2.6) | 84 | (5.1) | 0.52 | (0.39–0.69) | ||
| > 24 h of oxygen required | 30 | (0.4) | 129 | (0.6) | 0.63 | (0.43–0.94) | 10 | (0.3) | 13 | (0.8) | 0.35 | (0.15–0.79) | ||
| Apgar score of 4–6 at 5 min | 81 | (1.1) | 45 | (0.2) | 4.9 | (3.41–7.05) | 30 | (0.8) | 5 | (0.3) | 2.7 | (1.05–6.95) | ||
| Birth trauma | 26 | (0.3) | 18 | (0.09) | 3.94 | (2.16–7.18) | 18 | (0.5) | 3 | (0.2) | 2.71 | (0.80–9.17) | ||
| ≥ 1 Non–life threatening outcome | 333 | (4.5) | 887 | (4.4) | 1.02 | (0.90–1.16) | 143 | (3.9) | 96 | (5.9) | 0.67 | (0.52–0.86) | ||
Note: CI = confidence interval, RR = relative risk. *Excludes infants with congenital anomalies. †Baby had high acuity or was at risk of high acuity, and required multispecialty care. ‡Baby required increased observation and acute management.