| No previous vaginal deliveries | ≥ 1 Previous vaginal deliveries | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal outcome | Planned vaginal, no. (%) n = 7 310 | Planned CS, no. (%) n = 16 442 | RR (95% CI) | Planned vaginal, no. (%) n = 3 533 | Planned CS, no. (%) n = 1 374 | RR (95% CI) | |||||||
| Life-threatening or death | |||||||||||||
| Intrapartum stillbirth | 2 | (0.03) | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| Death at ≤ 7 d | 3 | (0.04) | 2 | (0.01) | 3.37 | (0.56–20.19) | 0 | 0 | – | ||||
| Death at 8–28 d | 0 | 5 | (0.03) | – | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| Admission to level III NICU† | 40 | (0.5) | 59 | (0.4) | 1.52 | (1.02–2.28) | 7 | (0.2) | 8 | (0.6) | 0.34 | (0.12–0.94) | |
| Ventilation required | 18 | (0.2) | 26 | (0.2) | 1.56 | (0.85–2.84) | 6 | (0.2) | 5 | (0.4) | 0.47 | (0.14–1.53) | |
| Apgar score of ≤ 3 at 5 min | 13 | (0.2) | 4 | (0.02) | 7.31 | (2.38–22.41) | 1 | (0.03) | 0 | – | |||
| Hypoxic Ischemic encephalopathy | 1 | (0.01) | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | ||||||
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||
| ≥ 1 Life-threatening outcome | 61 | (0.8) | 83 | (0.5) | 1.65 | (1.19–2.30) | 13 | (0.4) | 10 | (0.7) | 0.51 | (0.22–1.15) | |
| Non–life threatening | |||||||||||||
| Admission to level II NICU‡ | 234 | (3.2) | 624 | (3.8) | 0.84 | (0.73–0.98) | 93 | (2.6) | 71 | (5.2) | 0.51 | (0.38–0.69) | |
| > 24 h of oxygen required | 29 | (0.4) | 93 | (0.6) | 0.7 | (0.46–1.06) | 9 | (0.2) | 13 | (0.9) | 0.27 | (0.12–0.63) | |
| Apgar score of 4–6 at 5 min | 79 | (1.1) | 37 | (0.2) | 4.8 | (3.25–7.09) | 30 | (0.8) | 3 | (0.2) | 3.89 | (1.19–12.72) | |
| Birth trauma | 26 | (0.4) | 14 | (0.08) | 4.18 | (2.18–7.99) | 18 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.07) | 7 | (0.94–52.39) | |
| ≥ 1 Non–life threatening outcome | 326 | (4.5) | 713 | (4.3) | 1.03 | (0.90–1.17) | 139 | (3.9) | 81 | (5.9) | 0.67 | (0.51–0.87) | |
Note: CI = confidence interval, NICU = neonatal intensive care unit, RR = relative risk. *Excludes infants with congenital anomalies. †Baby had high acuity or was at risk of high acuity, and required multispecialty care. ‡Baby required increased observation and acute management.