| Exposure; cancer site | Period of exposure | RR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | All | ||
| Active tobacco | ||||
| Lung* | Current | 9.9 (6.8-14.2) | 7.6 (5.4-10.7) | 9.0 (6.70-12.1) |
| Former | - | - | 3.8 (2.8-5.3) | |
| Oral cavity and pharynx* | Current | - | - | 3.6 (2.6-4.8) |
| Former | - | - | 1.2 (0.7-1.9) | |
| Larynx* | Current | - | - | 7.0 (3.1-15.5) |
| Former | - | - | 4.6 (3.4-6.4) | |
| Esophagus* | Current | 2.52 (1.8-3.5) | 2.3 (1.5-3.4) | 2.5 (2.0-3.1) |
| Former | - | - | 2.0 (1.8-2.3) | |
| Stomach* | Current | 1.7 (1.5-2.1) | 1.4 (1.2-1.8) | 1.6 (1.4-2.0) |
| Former | - | - | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | |
| Liver* | Current | 1.8 (1.2-2.8) | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) |
| Former | - | - | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | |
| Pancreas* | Current | 1.6 (1.3-2.0) | 1.7 (1.3-2.3) | 1.7 (1.5-1.9) |
| Former | - | - | 1.2 (1.0-1.3) | |
| Colon-rectum† | Current | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) |
| Former | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.2 (1.1-1.2) | |
| Ovary‡ | Current | - | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | - |
| Former | - | 1.1(1.0-1.1) | - | |
| Cervix* | Current | - | 2.2 (1.1-4.4) | - |
| Former | - | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) | - | |
| Kidney* | Current | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) | 1.4 (1.0-1.7) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) |
| Former | - | - | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | |
| Myeloid leukemia* | Current | - | - | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) |
| Former | - | - | 1.3 (0.3-5.8) | |
| Bladder* | Current | 2.8 (2.0-3.9) | 2.7 (1.8-4.1) | 2.8 (2.2-3.5) |
| Former | - | - | 1.7 (1.5-2.0) | |
| Passive tobacco | ||||
| Lung§ | Ever exposed | - | - | 1.34 (1.24-1.45) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, RR = relative risk.
*Estimates from Gandini and colleagues.43
†Estimates from Tsoi and colleagues.19
‡Estimates from the Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer.44
§Estimates from Kim and colleagues.4