Means of the outcome variables for each year of the study period
| Outcome variable | Year; mean ± SD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
| Provider continuity | 58.7 ± 21.9 | 60.6 ± 23.7 | 60.9 ± 24.2 | 62.3 ± 23.8 | 62.3 ± 22.6 | 64.2 ± 22.1 | 64.1 ± 22.3 | 63.6 ± 22.5 |
| Clinic continuity | 76.7 ± 11.8 | 79.5 ± 12.3 | 80.2 ± 11.5 | 80.1 ± 12.7 | 79.1 ± 12.4 | 81.0 ± 10.4 | 81.1 ± 10.5 | 79.6 ± 11.5 |
| Discontinuity ≤ 50 km | 14.6 ± 10.0 | 12.7 ± 9.2 | 11.6 ± 9.0 | 11.4 ± 9.3 | 11.1 ± 9.1 | 9.6 ± 7.6 | 10.2 ± 8.0 | 10.6 ± 8.5 |
| All-cause emergency department visits ≤ 50 km per 1000 | 1.14 ± 0.6 | 1.06 ± 0.6 | 1.04 ± 0.6 | 1.06 ± 0.6 | 0.95 ± 0.5 | 0.98 ± 0.6 | 1.01 ± 0.7 | 1.03 ± 0.6 |
Note: SD = standard deviation.