Table 2:

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years of past-year all-cause and pain-driven emergency department visits in the overall sample and of characteristics of pain-driven visits among past-year pain-driven emergency department visitors, by food insecurity status*

VariableIncidence rate per 1000 person-years†
Food securityMarginal food insecurityModerate food insecuritySevere food insecurityTotal
Overall and by sex and age
No. of respondents188 900760010 4005400212 300
Pain-driven ED visits558510916762
 Male, n = 96 700466110011350
 Female, n = 115 6006410611520573
 12–17 yr, n = 18 6003027§39§43§31
 18–64 yr, n = 140 200549112117763
 ≥ 65 yr, n = 53 50070119§101§22973
Site-specific pain-driven ED visits
 Migraine387§113
 Other headaches46§11145
 Chest–throat pain1520§28§3316
 Abdomen–pelvis pain1728325820
 Dorsalgia913§162710
 Joint pain34§6§9§3
 Limb pain33§5§63
 Other pain23§492
Pain-driven ED visitors subsample
No. of pain-driven ED visitors990060090060012 000
Pain-driven ED visits‡
Total12871373§149617871334
Multicause381435§368§585393
High acuity861943§10301238899
After hours782830§10271097821

  • Note: ED = emergency department; ICD-10-CA = International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada.

  • ↵* Trend analyses on food insecurity status are all significant at p < 0.05 except for adolescents 12–17 years old (p = 0.3).

  • ↵† Unless stated otherwise.

  • ↵‡ “Pain-driven ED visits” refers to pain-driven ED visits during the past 12 months. “Multicause” refers to visits with any ICD-10-CA–coded joint cause beside the main cause. “High acuity” refers to visits requiring resuscitation, emergent or urgent care as opposed to semiurgent or nonurgent treatment. “After hours” refers to visits made between 00:00 and 7:59 from Mondays to Fridays or between 16:00 and 7:59 on Saturdays and Sundays.

  • ↵§ Not significant (all other differences between food insecure and food secure are significant at p < 0.05.)