Distribution of baseline characteristics of adults living with HIV in Ontario, Canada, 1997–2020
| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants* | Standardized difference† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female n = 4109 | Male n = 15 294 | Total n = 19 403 | ||
| Age yr, median (IQR) | 35 (29–44) | 37 (30–44) | 36 (30–44) | 0.06 |
| Age category, yr | ||||
| 18–29 | 1099 (26.7) | 3663 (24.0) | 4762 (24.5) | 0.06 |
| 30–39 | 1496 (36.4) | 5659 (37.0) | 7155 (36.9) | 0.01 |
| 40–49 | 857 (20.9) | 3857 (25.2) | 4714 (24.3) | 0.10 |
| 50–59 | 382 (9.3) | 1540 (10.1) | 1922 (9.9) | 0.03 |
| 60–69 | 157 (3.8) | 419 (2.7) | 576 (3.0) | 0.06 |
| 70–79 | 67 (1.6) | 119 (0.8) | 186 (1.0) | 0.08 |
| ≥ 80 | 51 (1.2) | 37 (0.2) | 88 (0.5) | 0.12 |
| Period of cohort entry | ||||
| 1997–1999 | 579 (14.1) | 2787 (18.2) | 3366 (17.3) | 0.11 |
| 2000–2003 | 642 (15.6) | 2296 (15.0) | 2938 (15.1) | 0.02 |
| 2004–2007 | 778 (18.9) | 2425 (15.9) | 3203 (16.5) | 0.08 |
| 2008–2011 | 728 (17.7) | 2444 (16.0) | 3172 (16.3) | 0.05 |
| 2012–2015 | 640 (15.6) | 2603 (17.0) | 3243 (16.7) | 0.04 |
| 2016–2020 | 742 (18.1) | 2739 (17.9) | 3481 (17.9) | 0.01 |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||
| Missing | 24 (0.6) | 94 (0.6) | 118 (0.6) | 0 |
| 1 (lowest) | 1845 (44.9) | 4661 (30.5) | 6506 (33.5) | 0.30 |
| 2 | 893 (21.7) | 3389 (22.2) | 4282 (22.1) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 573 (13.9) | 2600 (17.0) | 3173 (16.4) | 0.08 |
| 4 | 418 (10.2) | 2254 (14.7) | 2672 (13.8) | 0.14 |
| 5 (highest) | 356 (8.7) | 2296 (15.0) | 2652 (13.7) | 0.20 |
| Rurality | ||||
| Missing | 13 (0.3) | 30 (0.2) | 43 (0.2) | 0.02 |
| Urban | 3949 (96.1) | 14703 (96.1) | 18652 (96.1) | 0 |
| Rural | 147 (3.6) | 561 (3.7) | 708 (3.6) | 0 |
| Region of birth | ||||
| Born in Canada | 2513 (61.2) | 11972 (78.3) | 14485 (74.7) | 0.38 |
| Immigrant born in a country with low HIV prevalence | 499 (12.1) | 2174 (14.2) | 2673 (13.8) | 0.06 |
| Immigrant born in a country with high HIV prevalence‡ | 1097 (26.7) | 1148 (7.5) | 2245 (11.6) | 0.53 |
| Immigration status | ||||
| Long-term resident (Born in Canada or immigrated before 1986) | 2513 (61.2) | 11972 (78.3) | 14485 (74.7) | 0.38 |
| Long-term immigrant (≥ 10 yr in Canada) | 254 (6.2) | 1025 (6.7) | 1279 (6.6) | 0.02 |
| Recent immigrant to Canada (0–10 yr in Canada) | 776 (18.9) | 1664 (10.9) | 2440 (12.6) | 0.23 |
| Immigrated after HIV diagnosis | 566 (13.8) | 633 (4.1) | 1199 (6.2) | 0.34 |
| Comorbidity burden (number of CADGs)§ | ||||
| Low (1–4 CADGs) | 1560 (38.0) | 6135 (40.1) | 7695 (39.7) | 0.04 |
| Moderate (5–9 CADGs) | 1422 (34.6) | 6619 (43.3) | 8041 (41.4) | 0.18 |
| High (10–12 CADGs) | 1127 (27.4) | 2540 (16.6) | 3667 (18.9) | 0.26 |
| RUB¶ | ||||
| Low expected resource use (0–2 RUBs) | 1–5 (< 0.1) | 15–19 (< 0.1) | 20 | 0.01 |
| Moderate expected resource use (3 RUBs) | 2089 (50.8) | 8876 (58.0) | 10965 (56.5) | 0.14 |
| High expected resource use (4–5 RUBs) | 2015–2019 (49.1) | 6399–6403 (41.9) | 8418 (43.4) | 0.15 |
Note: CADG = collapsed Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, IQR = interquartile range, RUB = Resource Utilization Band.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise. Ranges are shown to suppress small cell sizes.
↵† More than 0.1 was considered a meaningful standardized difference.
↵‡ Regions of Africa and the Caribbean were considered regions with high HIV prevalence.
↵§ Comorbidity burden, based on type of illness in the 2 years preceding cohort entry, was assessed using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group System CADGs, with fewer than 5 CADGs indicating low burden, 5–9 CADGs indicating medium burden and 10–12 CADGs indicating high burden.
↵¶ Expected health care use was assessed using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group RUBs, based on 6 categories, with 0 being no health care use and 5 being the highest expected use.