Studies focusing on “trajectories”
| Author, year | Journal | Country | Location | Discipline(s) | Participants | Design | Study topic | Description, justification or clarification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armson et al., 2021 (84) | Family Medicine | USA | University of Calgary | Family medicine | 139 residents | Focus group study | Resident perceptions of small-group learning in AHD | Justification |
| Batalden et al., 2013 (109) | Academic Medicine | USA | Harvard, Cincinnati, Cornell NY | Internal medicine | Not specified | Qualitative | Transition from NC to AHD | Clarification |
| Cacamese et al., 2004 (85) | Medical Teacher | USA | Johns Hopkins University | Internal medicine | 13 residents | Pre- and post-test results | Effect of conference attendance on test scores | Justification |
| Eid et al., 2015 (86) | BMC Medical Education | USA | MD Anderson Cancer Center | Hemotology and oncology | Survey, interviews | Mixed methods | Effectiveness of transition from NC to AHD | Justification |
| Fitzgerald et al., 2003 (87) | Academic Medicine | USA | University of California, Los Angeles | Internal medicine | 81 residents | Cross-sectional | Examine association between resident attendance and examination scores | Justification |
| Franklin et al., 2017 (88) | Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics | USA | Pittsburgh and Hamot | Orthopedics | 196 residents | Pre- and post-intervention test scores | Effect of pediatric teaching module on in-training examination scores | Justification |
| Gene Hern et al., 2009 (90) | Academic Emergency Medicine | USA | 4 US emergency medicine programs | Emergency medicine | 405 residents | Attendance and test results | Conference attendance and test scores | Justification |
| Goyal et al., 2019 (91) | Diagnosis (Berlin) | USA | Johns Hopkins University | Internal medicine | Not specified | Pilot study, descriptive | Description of a focused morning-report format for interns | Justification |
| Ha et al., 2014 (11) | Journal of Graduate Medical Education | USA | Cleveland Clinic | Internal medicine | 364 residents | Pre- and post-test results | Transition from NC to AHD: results of in-training examination scores and surveys of learning satisfaction before and after | Justification |
| House et al., 2017 (92) | AEM Education & Training | USA | Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania | Pediatrics | 122 residents | Randomized crossover study | Spaced education as an adjunct to traditional education effect on test scores | Justification |
| Limvorapitak et al., 2016 (30) | J Medical Assoc Thailand | Thailand | Thammasat University | Internal medicine | 19 residents | Cross-sectional | Test scores in internal medicine | Justification |
| Lin et al., 2018 (32) | Journal of Surgical Education | USA and Rwanda | Colorado, Harvard, Kigali | Surgery, anesthesia, obstetrics | 55 residents | Survey study | Surgical safety program run by American surgery programs for a residency program in Kigali, Rwanda | Description |
| McDonald et al., 2007 (93) | Journal of General Internal Medicine | USA | Mayo Clinic | Internal medicine | 195 residents | Cross-sectional | Test scores in internal medicine | Justification |
| McDonald et al., 2008 (94) | Mayo Clinic Proceedings | USA | Mayo Clinic | Internal medicine | 195 residents | Cross-sectional | Examine association of conference attendance with internal medicine in-training examination scores | Justification |
| Mehta et al., 2018 (95) | Journal of Surgical Education | USA | University of Utah | Plastic surgery | 8 residents | Pre- and post-intervention test scores | 90-min weekly didactic sessions and their impact on test scores | Justification |
| Meyer et al., 2018 (96) | Academic Radiology | USA | Michigan Medicine | Radiology | 54 residents | Cross-sectional | Conference attendance and test scores | Justification |
| Moreno et al., 2013 (58) | Journal of Graduate Medical Education | USA | University Wisconsin–Madison | Pediatrics | 70 residents | Pre- and post-survey | Eliminated NC and implemented a new block format | Description |
| Ozuah et al., 2001 (60) | Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine | USA | Albert Einstein College | Pediatrics | 80 residents | Cohort study | No impact of problem-based learning impact on self-directed learning | Description |
| Parikh et al., 2008 (61) | American Journal of Surgery | USA | University of California, Los Angeles | General surgery | 60 residents | Survey study | Description of new structures lectures | Description |
| Picciano et al., 2003 (98) | Family Medicine | USA | JFK Medical Center | Family medicine | 20 residents | Cohort study | Effectiveness of NCs for increasing residents’ knowledge for both short term (1 mo) and long term (7 mo) | Justification |
| Raman et al., 2010 (99) | Medical Teacher | Canada | University of Calgary and University of Toronto | Gastroenterology fellows | 10 (Calgary) + 10 (Toronto) gastroenterology fellows | Prospective cohort study | Comparison of AHD v. dispersed in a nutrition course | Justification |
| Riddell et al., 2017 (101) | Journal of Graduate Medical Education | USA | University of California, San Francisco–Fresno, San Fran General, University of Southern California | Emergency medicine | 73 residents | Randomized crossover study | Traditional v. flipped classroom in emergency medicine | Justification |
| Rose et al., 2016 (102) | Journal of Emergency Medicine | USA | University of Southern California | Emergency medicine | 17 residents | Pre- and post-intervention test scores | Traditional v. flipped classroom | Justification |
| Rucker et al., 2017 (103) | Advances in Medical Education and Practice | USA | Indiana and Washington | Family medicine | Not specified | Descriptive study | Evidence-based medicine and technological literacy | Justification |
| Sawatsky et al., 2014 (104) | BMC Medical Education | USA | University of Pittsburgh | Internal medicine | 69 residents; 4 faculty | Survey study | Surveys and test scores after implementation of active learning | Justification |
| Volerman et al., 2019 (105) | BMC Medical Education | USA | University of Chicago | Pediatrics | 47 students and residents | Survey study | Team-based learning | Justification |
| Winter et al., 2007 (106) | Family Medicine | USA | JFK Medical Center and Rutgers Univ. | Family medicine | 17 residents | Pre- and post-test score results | NC attendance and test scores | Justification |
| Zastoupil et al., 2017 (107) | Academic Pediatrics | USA | University of Colorado | Pediatrics | Not specified | Mixed methods | Transition from NC to AHDs | Justification |
| Zweifler et al., 1996 (108) | Academic Medicine | USA | San Francisco, Colorado, U. Washington | Family medicine | Not specified | Descriptive study | First description of AHDs | Justification |
Note: AHD = academic half day, NC = noon conference.