Age, yr, mean ± SD | 59.1 ± 9.7 | 60.3 ± 9.0 | 51.4 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 |
Female sex, no. (%) | 152 (52) | 131 (52) | 21 (53) | 0.93 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.02 |
Height, m, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.02† |
Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 90.8 ± 14.7 | 89.4 ± 13.4 | 99.5 ± 18.8 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 31.9 ± 3.3 | 31.7 ± 3.4 | 33.4 ± 2.8 | 0.002 |
Current smoker, no. (%) | 29 (10) | 27 (11) | 2 (5) | 0.55 |
PROCAM risk, %, mean ± SD | 8.2 ± 6.4 | 8.6 ± 6.3 | 5.6 ± 6.8 | 0.006 |
VO2max, %, mean ± SD | 46.8 ± 24.0 | 46.2 ± 24.0 | 50.4 ± 24.6 | 0.31 |
HEI-C, mean ± SD | 57.9 ± 14.2 | 58.6 ± 14.3 | 52.8 ± 12.8 | 0.03 |
Mediterranean diet score, mean ± SD | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 0.12 |
LDL-C, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 0.06 |
Metabolic syndrome criteria‡ |
1. Blood pressure or pharmacotherapy, no. (%) meeting criteria | 256 (87) | 227 (90) | 29 (73) | 0.002 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 133.5 ± 14.5 | 133.5 ± 14.8 | 133.8 ± 12.9 | 0.88 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 80.6 ± 9.1 | 79.9 ± 9.0 | 84.9 ± 9.0 | 0.001 |
Received pharmacotherapy for elevated blood pressure, no. (%) | 218 (74) | 196 (77) | 22 (55) | 0.002 |
2. Fasting blood glucose or pharmacotherapy, no. (%) meeting criteria | 240 (82) | 212 (84) | 28 (70) | 0.04 |
Blood glucose, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 0.04 |
Received pharmacotherapy for elevated blood glucose levels, no. (%) | 129 (44) | 120 (47) | 9 (22) | 0.003 |
3. Triglyceride or pharmacotherapy, no. (%) meeting criteria | 187 (64) | 162 (64) | 25 (62) | 0.85 |
Triglyceride level, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 0.98 |
Pharmacotherapy for cholesterol, no. (%) | 11 (4) | 10 (4) | 1 (2) | 0.65 |
4. HDL-C, no. (%) meeting criteria | 138 (47) | 119 (47) | 19 (47) | 0.99 |
HDL-C, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.33 |
5. Waist circumference, no. (%) meeting criteria | 277 (95) | 237 (94) | 40 (100) | 0.1 |
Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD | 108.1 ± 9.4 | 107.3 ± 8.9 | 113.4 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |