Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1:
Characteristics of patients with serious mental illness, diabetes mellitus and the Ontario adult population in fiscal years 2016/17–2017/18
Variable No. (%)* Schizophrenia
n = 212 369 (2.0)Bipolar disorder
n = 380 062 (3.6)Diabetes mellitus
n = 1 006 692 (9.6)Ontario adult population
n = 10 461 874 (100)Age, yr 18–44 93 280 (43.9) 161 255 (42.4) 93 775 (9.3) 4 589 401 (43.9) 45–64 84 567 (39.8) 155 639 (41.0) 431 846 (42.9) 3 803 639 (36.4) 65–74 21 315 (10.0) 41 890 (11.0) 274 731 (27.3) 1 211 001 (11.6) ≥ 75 13 207 (6.2) 21 278 (5.6) 206 340 (20.5) 857 833 (8.2) Mean ± SD 47.58 ± 16.74 47.91 ± 16.53 62.91 ± 13.68 48.03 ± 17.98 Income quintile, patient Female 98 626 (46.4) 235 623 (62.0) 467 484 (46.4) 5 397 953 (51.6) Q1 (low) 73 707 (34.7) 92 670 (24.4) 237 113 (23.6) 2 030 502 (19.4) Q2 47 013 (22.1) 81 074 (21.3) 222 131 (22.1) 2 082 736 (19.9) Q3 36 487 (17.2) 72 861 (19.2) 207 886 (20.7) 2 102 894 (20.1) Q4 28 362 (13.4) 65 775 (17.3) 180 353 (17.9) 2 077 038 (19.9) Q5 (high) 25 635 (12.1) 66 286 (17.4) 157 157 (15.6) 2 126 537 (20.3) New arrival to Ontario† No 206 128 (97.1) 369 832 (97.3) 957 290 (95.1) 9 723 602 (92.9) Yes 6241 (2.9) 10 230 (2.7) 49 402 (4.9) 738 272 (7.1) RIO score group, patient Missing 1914 (0.9) 2507 (0.7) 10 821 (1.1) 105 539 (1.0) Rural 14 123 (6.7) 24 417 (6.4) 74 753 (7.4) 770 884 (7.4) Suburban 36 615 (17.2) 76 131 (20.0) 186 413 (18.5) 2 020 218 (19.3) Urban 159 717 (75.2) 277 007 (72.9) 734 705 (73.0) 7 565 233 (72.3) Total core primary care visits in study period 0 30 794 (14.5) 33 178 (8.7) 37 080 (3.7) 1 626 541 (15.5) 1 15 123 (7.1) 20 998 (5.5) 27 528 (2.7) 954 361 (9.1) 2 14 445 (6.8) 23 002 (6.1) 36 122 (3.6) 960 777 (9.2) 3–5 39 221 (18.5) 73 871 (19.4) 155 561 (15.5) 2 444 397 (23.4) 6–10 47 922 (22.6) 100 963 (26.6) 327 580 (32.5) 2 449 347 (23.4) ≥ 11 64 864 (30.5) 128 050 (33.7) 422 821 (42.0) 2 026 451 (19.4) Mean ± SD 9.30 ± 11.65 9.70 ± 10.22 11.32 ± 9.55 6.50 ± 7.59 Continuity of care for patients with > 2 primary care visits 0–40 35 922 (23.6) 62 539 (20.6) 110 932 (12.2) 1 386 998 (20.0) 41–80 47 043 (30.9) 102 157 (33.7) 228 197 (25.2) 2 208 455 (31.9) ≥ 81 69 042 (45.4) 138 188 (45.6) 566 833 (62.6) 3 324 742 (48.0) Sum of ADGs in look-back period‡ 0 7 728 (3.6) 9442 (2.5) NA 695 482 (6.6) 1–5 57 548 (27.1) 83 433 (22.0) 256 557 (25.5) 4 092 896 (39.1) 6–10 81 085 (38.2) 158 263 (41.6) 439 434 (43.7) 3 992 407 (38.2) ≥ 11 66 008 (31.1) 128 924 (33.9) 310 701 (30.9) 1 681 089 (16.1) Sum of psychosocial ADGs in look-back period‡ 0 38 749 (18.2) 89 647 (23.6) 622 203 (61.8) 6 951 222 (66.4) 1 62 587 (29.5) 141 303 (37.2) 297 974 (29.6) 2 773 087 (26.5) 2 78 617 (37.0) 113 992 (30.0) 73 167 (7.3) 619 047 (5.9) 3 32 416 (15.3) 35 120 (9.2) 13 348 (1.3) 118 518 (1.1) Psychiatry visits during the study period, mean ± SD 3.68 ± 9.53 2.62 ± 9.01 0.34 ± 3.06 0.32 ± 3.26 Note: ADGs = Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, NA = not applicable, SD = standard deviation, RIO = Rurality Index of Ontario.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated.
↵† New arrival in Ontario: receiving an Ontario health card for the first time in the preceding 10 years.
↵‡ Look-back period: Apr. 1, 2013–Mar. 30, 2016.
- Table 2:
Characteristics of family physicians eligible for serious mental illness premium in fiscal years 2016/17–2017/18
Variable Physicians receiving SMI premium, no. (%)* Physicians not receiving SMI premium, no. (%)* $3001–$4000, n = 1767 $2001–$3000, n = 723 $1001–$2000, n = 1310 ≤ $1000, n = 1066 Eligible (had ≥ 5 patients with SMI), n = 90 Ineligible (< 5 patients with SMI) in an eligible model, n = 4774 Non-PEM physicians, n = 3876 Total, no. (%),*
n = 13 606Age, yr Mean ± SD 51.07 ± 11.54 49.46 ± 12.20 48.90 ± 12.16 48.21 ± 12.82 49.02 ± 10.77 51.24 ± 12.71 49.28 ± 14.54 50.09 ± 13.06 Sex Missing or unknown 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 19 (1.5) 33 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 162 (3.4) 245 (6.3) 459 (3.4) Female 699 (39.6) 343 (47.4) 647 (49.4) 547 (51.3) 43 (47.8) 2180 (45.7) 1567 (40.4) 6026 (44.3) Male 1068 (60.4) 380 (52.6) 644 (49.2) 486 (45.6) 47 (52.2) 2432 (50.9) 2064 (53.3) 7121 (52.3) Time since medical school graduation, yr, mean ± SD 24.23 ± 12.21 22.55 ± 12.83 22.02 ± 12.72 21.37 ± 13.45 22.41 ± 11.43 24.36 ± 13.25 22.16 ± 15.02 23.16 ± 13.61 Rurality Missing 0 (0.0) ≤ 5 (0.1) 29 (2.2) 40 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 182 (3.8) 282 (7.3) 534 (3.9) Urban 1328 (75.2) 547 (75.7) 978 (74.7) 724 (67.9) 53 (58.9) 3494 (73.2) 2872 (74.1) 9996 (73.5) Suburban 346 (19.6) 132 (18.3) 217 (16.6) 206 (19.3) 26 (28.9) 750 (15.7) 474 (12.2) 2151 (15.8) Rural 93 (5.3) 43 (5.9) 86 (6.6) 96 (9.0) 11 (12.2) 348 (7.3) 248 (6.4) 925 (6.8) Panel size,† mean ± SD 1854.20 ± 859.92 1694.31 ± 883.63 1615.77 ± 775.60 1532.64 ± 836.58 1488.84 ± 630.98 1528.04 ± 903.87 1182.97 ± 763.88 1596.97 ± 875.32 Enrolment model Blended capitation team-based care 649 (36.7) 264 (36.5) 487 (37.2) 341 (32.0) 42–46 (46.7–51.1) 1015–1019 (21.3) 0 (0.0) 2802 (20.6) Blended capitation no team-based care 696 (39.4) 277 (38.3) 446 (34.0) 298 (28.0) 43 (47.8) 947 (19.8) 0 (0.0) 2707 (19.9) Enhanced fee for service 362 (20.5) 149 (20.6) 231 (17.6) 250 (23.5) 0 (0.0) 1834 (38.4) 0 (0.0) 2826 (20.8) Other 60 (3.4) 33 (4.6) 146 (11.1) 177 (16.6) ≤ 5 (4.4) 974–978 (20.4–20.5) 3876 (100.0) 5271 (38.7) No. of patients with schizophrenia, mean ± SD Total 32.72 ± 26.47 24.41 ± 17.46 19.68 ± 15.90 17.07 ± 14.56 16.87 ± 9.52 15.13 ± 13.90 6.18 ± 10.53 17.55 ± 18.49 Rostered 28.90 ± 23.88 20.86 ± 15.51 16.59 ± 13.99 14.15 ± 13.08 13.67 ± 8.23 12.11 ± 11.83 0.00 ± 0.06 13.76 ± 16.62 Virtually rostered 3.82 ± 6.13 3.55 ± 5.12 3.09 ± 5.14 2.92 ± 4.73 3.19 ± 3.00 3.02 ± 5.38 6.18 ± 10.53 3.80 ± 6.81 No. of patients with bipolar disorder, mean ± SD Total 55.04 ± 39.05 45.84 ± 30.23 37.92 ± 29.94 33.67 ± 27.65 37.78 ± 25.65 30.52 ± 30.82 7.38 ± 11.53 31.59 ± 32.67 Rostered 49.79 ± 36.69 40.47 ± 28.76 33.05 ± 27.99 28.81 ± 26.24 32.62 ± 24.16 25.89 ± 27.54 0.01 ± 0.11 26.19 ± 30.65 Virtually rostered 5.26 ± 6.91 5.38 ± 6.62 4.87 ± 6.56 4.85 ± 6.56 5.16 ± 4.07 4.63 ± 8.56 7.37 ± 11.53 5.40 ± 8.64 - Table 3:
Characteristics of patients enrolled with family physician eligible for serious mental illness premium in fiscal years 2016/17–2017/18
Variable No. (%)* $3001–$4000
n = 2 307 819$2001–$3000
n = 825 873$1001–$2000
n = 1 304 148≤ $1000
n = 934 499Eligible (had ≥ 5 SMI patients), no premium
n = 88 890Ineligible (< 5 SMI patients) in an eligible model
n = 3 642 797Non-PEM physicians
n = 373 489Total
n = 9 477 515Age at index, yr 18–44 954 450 (41.4) 347 823 (42.1) 548 041 (42.0) 397 114 (42.5) 36 363 (40.9) 1 590 094 (43.7) 138 273 (37.0) 4 012 158 (42.3) 45–64 858 945 (37.2) 301 975 (36.6) 482 621 (37.0) 344 002 (36.8) 32 479 (36.5) 1 335 576 (36.7) 143 141 (38.3) 3 498 739 (36.9) 65–74 286 368 (12.4) 101 979 (12.3) 158 648 (12.2) 114 185 (12.2) 11 745 (13.2) 422 858 (11.6) 51 108 (13.7) 1 146 891 (12.1) ≥ 75 208 056 (9.0) 74 096 (9.0) 114 838 (8.8) 79 198 (8.5) 8303 (9.3) 294 269 (8.1) 40 967 (11.0) 819 727 (8.6) Mean ± SD 49.03 ± 18.12 48.86 ± 18.09 48.76 ± 18.06 48.57 ± 17.99 49.34 ± 18.31 48.07 ± 17.86 50.98 ± 18.31 48.64 ± 18.02 Sex, female 1 191 074 (51.6) 436 917 (52.9) 705 173 (54.1) 506 256 (54.2) 47 322 (53.2) 1 934 913 (53.1) 197 062 (52.8) 5 018 717 (53.0) Income quintile, patient Q1 (low) 462 482 (20.0) 154 425 (18.7) 236 646 (18.1) 161 755 (17.3) 15 002 (16.9) 659 526 (18.1) 92 058 (24.6) 1 781 894 (18.8) Q2 466 334 (20.2) 165 135 (20.0) 255 402 (19.6) 178 764 (19.1) 15 900 (17.9) 716 594 (19.7) 80 561 (21.6) 1 878 690 (19.8) Q3 459 216 (19.9) 167 933 (20.3) 261 031 (20.0) 190 827 (20.4) 17 480 (19.7) 750 051 (20.6) 74 611 (20.0) 1 921 149 (20.3) Q4 441 416 (19.1) 162 172 (19.6) 265 909 (20.4) 197 063 (21.1) 18 485 (20.8) 763 377 (21.0) 66 202 (17.7) 1 914 624 (20.2) Q5 (high) 473 584 (20.5) 174 595 (21.1) 282 464 (21.7) 204 195 (21.9) 21 852 (24.6) 745 371 (20.5) 59 063 (15.8) 1 961 124 (20.7) Missing 4787 (0.2) 1613 (0.2) 2696 (0.2) 1895 (0.2) 171 (0.2) 7878 (0.2) 994 (0.3) 20 034 (0.2) New arrival to Ontario No 2 203 310 (95.5) 778 408 (94.3) 1 225 055 (93.9) 873 121 (93.4) 85 063 (95.7) 3 341 258 (91.7) 345 593 (92.5) 8 851 808 (93.4) Yes 104 509 (4.5) 47 465 (5.7) 79 093 (6.1) 61 378 (6.6) 3827 (4.3) 301 539 (8.3) 27 896 (7.5) 625 707 (6.6) Rurality, patient Urban 1 645 034 (71.3) 597 805 (72.4) 936 030 (71.8) 653 124 (69.9) 49 727 (55.9) 2 710 734 (74.4) 289 903 (77.6) 6 882 357 (72.6) Suburban 500 010 (21.7) 169 018 (20.5) 256 380 (19.7) 187 267 (20.0) 26 262 (29.5) 658 362 (18.1) 50 517 (13.5) 1 847 816 (19.5) Rural 149 890 (6.5) 54 391 (6.6) 101 727 (7.8) 88 015 (9.4) 11 214 (12.6) 245 121 (6.7) 26 939 (7.2) 677 297 (7.1) Missing 12 885 (0.6) 4659 (0.6) 10 011 (0.8) 6093 (0.7) 1687 (1.9) 28 580 (0.8) 6130 (1.6) 70 045 (0.7) Sum of ADGs in look-back period† 0 91 519 (4.0) 30 267 (3.7) 50 933 (3.9) 36 092 (3.9) 3601 (4.1) 145 728 (4.0) 6648 (1.8) 364 788 (3.8) 1–5 897 827 (38.9) 319 607 (38.7) 512 007 (39.3) 358 194 (38.3) 37 015 (41.6) 1 384 168 (38.0) 114 154 (30.6) 3 622 972 (38.2) 6–10 921 573 (39.9) 332 292 (40.2) 523 081 (40.1) 378 056 (40.5) 34 458 (38.8) 1 483 288 (40.7) 165 320 (44.3) 3 838 068 (40.5) ≥11 396 900 (17.2) 143 707 (17.4) 218 127 (16.7) 162 157 (17.4) 13 816 (15.5) 629 613 (17.3) 87 367 (23.4) 1 651 687 (17.4) Psychosocial ADGs in look-back period† 0 1 458 436 (63.2) 530 378 (64.2) 848 479 (65.1) 609 479 (65.2) 59 651 (67.1) 2 405 454 (66.0) 202 272 (54.2) 6 114 149 (64.5) 1 658 251 (28.5) 232 994 (28.2) 361 883 (27.7) 259 414 (27.8) 23 261 (26.2) 996 946 (27.4) 125 393 (33.6) 2 658 142 (28.0) 2 159 368 (6.9) 52 723 (6.4) 79 046 (6.1) 55 698 (6.0) 5056 (5.7) 204 210 (5.6) 36 605 (9.8) 592 706 (6.3) 3 31 764 (1.4) 9778 (1.2) 14 740 (1.1) 9908 (1.1) 922 (1.0) 36 187 (1.0) 9219 (2.5) 112 518 (1.2) Psychiatric hospitalization in look-back period† Mean ± SD 0.02 ± 0.25 0.02 ± 0.24 0.02 ± 0.22 0.02 ± 0.21 0.01 ± 0.18 0.02 ± 0.22 0.04 ± 0.40 0.02 ± 0.24 Total core primary care visits in study period† 0 237 754 (10.3) 79 765 (9.7) 130 508 (10.0) 89 789 (9.6) 10 136 (11.4) 344 073 (9.4) 16 186 (4.3) 908 211 (9.6) 1 222 485 (9.6) 79 499 (9.6) 124 800 (9.6) 85 956 (9.2) 9873 (11.1) 330 709 (9.1) 9381 (2.5) 862 703 (9.1) 2 229 656 (10.0) 82 718 (10.0) 130 338 (10.0) 90 181 (9.7) 10 101 (11.4) 337 166 (9.3) 14 167 (3.8) 894 327 (9.4) 3–5 588 811 (25.5) 214 719 (26.0) 339 289 (26.0) 237 518 (25.4) 24 628 (27.7) 879 080 (24.1) 76 899 (20.6) 2 360 944 (24.9) 6–10 581 432 (25.2) 210 175 (25.4) 332 059 (25.5) 242 029 (25.9) 21 686 (24.4) 922 331 (25.3) 117 603 (31.5) 2 427 315 (25.6) ≥11 447 681 (19.4) 158 997 (19.3) 247 154 (19.0) 189 026 (20.2) 12 466 (14.0) 829 438 (22.8) 139 253 (37.3) 2 024 015 (21.4) Continuity of care,‡ % 0–40 290 431 (18.0) 107 264 (18.4) 174 785 (19.0) 147 292 (22.0) 581 342 (21.6) 35 981 (10.8) 1 337 095 (19.6) 290 431 (18.0) 41–80 488 994 (30.2) 185 762 (31.8) 295 262 (32.1) 225 428 (33.7) 843 174 (31.3) 126 545 (37.9) 2 165 165 (31.8) 488 994 (30.2) > 80 838 499 (51.8) 290 865 (49.8) 448 455 (48.8) 295 853 (44.3) 1 265 113 (47.0) 171 229 (51.3) 3 310 014 (48.6) 838 499 (51.8) Note: ADGs = Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, PEM = patient enrolment model, SD = standard deviation, SMI = serious mental illness.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Look-back period: Apr. 1, 2013–Mar. 30, 2016.
↵‡ Continuity of care: proportion of primary care visits with the person’s own physician (for those with ≥ 3 primary care visits in 2 years).
- Table 4:
Proportion of patients rostered to primary care by patient and provider characteristics
Variable No. (%)* SMI patients (rostered), n = 448 319 Diabetes mellitus patients (rostered), n = 854 668 Ontario population (rostered), n = 8 135 246 Patient characteristics Proportion of total Ontario population, % 4.3 8.2 77.8 Proportion rostered, % 88.4 93.3 90.8 Age, yr 18–44 186 077 (86.4) 75 707 (90.3) 3 388 208 (88.7) 45–64 184 472 (89.2) 364 188 (92.8) 3 029 283 (91.8) 65–74 50 514 (91.4) 236 718 (94.1) 1 005 245 (93.6) ≥ 75 27 256 (91.7) 178 055 (94.4) 712 510 (94.0) Age, yr, mean ± SD 48.34 ± 16.61 63.16 ± 13.53 48.91 ± 17.97 Sex Male 186 458 (87.5) 456 420 (93.2) 3 799 657 (90.1) Female 261 861 (89.0) 398 248 (93.3) 4 335 589 (91.5) Income quintile, patient Missing 1168 (79.2) 1348 (85.1) 14 808 (79.0) Q1 (low) 117 950 (86.6) 195 392 (92.3) 1 477 462 (89.2) Q2 96 584 (88.3) 188 533 (93.3) 1 602 289 (90.6) Q3 84 809 (89.2) 178 112 (93.6) 1 657 195 (91.2) Q4 74 650 (89.6) 155 313 (93.7) 1 666 417 (91.5) Q5 (high) 73 158 (89.6) 135 970 (93.7) 1 717 075 (91.6) New arrival to Ontario Yes 11 349 (84.9) 39 709 (89.6) 511 661 (86.8) No 436 970 (88.5) 814 959 (94.3) 7 634 585 (91.9) Rurality Missing 2365 (84.2) 7243 (90.8) 53 855 (87.1) Rural 28 440 (88.9) 62 534 (94.0) 587 390 (92.6) Suburban 87 323 (89.2) 162 483 (94.3) 1 631 452 (92.2) Urban 330 191 (88.2) 622 408 (92.9) 5 862 549 (90.3) Sum of ADGs in look-back period 0 6884 (89.8) NA 321 924 (90.8) 1–5 101 956 (88.5) 217 459 (93.8) 3 114 293 (90.0) 6–10 187 590 (88.9) 376 133 (93.6) 3 303 576 (91.5) ≥ 11 151 889 (87.7) 261 076 (92.4) 1 395 453 (91.2) Psychosocial ADGs in look-back period 0 92 430 (89.8) 534 174 (93.9) 5 307 675 (91.1) 1 160 749 (89.6) 251 122 (92.8) 2 263 334 (91.1) 2 147 070 (87.6) 59 281 (90.8) 480 171 (88.7) 3 48 070 (84.4) 10 091 (87.6) 84 066 (84.4) Primary care attachment in look-back period Attached 444 994 (89.2) 852 469 (93.5) 8 040 316 (92.2) Unattached 3325 (39.5) 2199 (49.3) 94 930 (40.2) Primary care visits in the look-back period (primary care utilization), mean ± SD 22.80 ± 26.04 23.48 ± 19.01 13.92 ± 15.73 Psychiatric hospital admissions in look-back period 0 403 260 (88.9) 845 144 (93.3) 8 058 855 (90.9) 1 27 809 (85.1) 6865 (89.0) 54 145 (85.9) ≥ 2 17 250 (83.1) 2659 (85.1) 22 246 (83.3) Psychiatry visits during the study period, mean ± SD 3.03 ± 9.23 0.33 ± 2.97 0.32 ± 3.27 Psychiatric hospital admissions during the study period 0 415 028 (88.8) 846 442 (93.3) 8 074 434 (90.9) 1 21 934 (84.4) 6429 (89.1) 45 620 (85.6) ≥ 2 11 357 (82.3) 1797 (85.9) 15 192 (82.8) Provider characteristics Physician sex Female 180 920 (89.4) 294 295 (93.6) 3 272 627 (91.5) Male 267 399 (87.7) 560 373 (93.1) 4 862 619 (90.4) Physician age, yr, mean ± SD 51.87 ± 11.63 53.30 ± 11.46 52.39 ± 11.37 Rurality Missing 701 (83.1) 1859 (87.9) 14 078 (87.9) Rural 22 932 (89.6) 51 201 (94.7) 460 515 (93.3) Suburban 77 781 (89.3) 147 931 (94.6) 1 447 933 (92.7) Urban 346 905 (88.1) 653 677 (92.9) 6 212 720 (90.3) Panel size, mean ± SD 1957.03 ± 1025.16 2091.80 ± 1055.08 2034.42 ± 1036.28 Total core primary care visits in study period 0 30 482 (100.0) 21 561 (100.0) 871 124 (100.0) 1 24 629 (80.3) 20 651 (86.1) 711 475 (83.9) 2 27 961 (84.8) 29 263 (89.6) 762 917 (87.5) 3–5 90 066 (87.8) 133 167 (92.3) 2 027 137 (90.0) 6–10 121 877 (89.3) 288 343 (94.0) 2 075 481 (91.6) ≥ 11 153 304 (88.2) 361 683 (93.3) 1 687 112 (91.4) Mean ± SD 9.93 ± 10.30 11.38 ± 9.25 6.92 ± 7.43 Continuity of care, % 0–40 79 427 (89.5) 95 283 (93.3) 1 163 249 (91.2) 41–80 110 935 (84.5) 184 573 (90.4) 1 736 926 (87.7) > 80 174 885 (90.6) 503 337 (94.6) 2 889 555 (93.0) Attachment by collapsed model of care Blended capitation team-based care 147 487 (91.0) 240 428 (95.2) 2 517 934 (94.1) Blended capitation no team-based care 149 674 (88.7) 294 021 (94.5) 2 862 906 (92.6) Enhanced fee for service 145 252 (85.2) 312 141 (90.6) 2 677 226 (86.1) Other 5906 (100.0) 8078 (100.0) 77 180 (100.0) ↵* Unless otherwise stated.
Note: ADGs = Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, NA = not applicable, SD = standard deviation, SMI = serious mental illness.
Model Estimate (95% CI) SMI Diabetes mellitus Ontario population Regression model without SMI premium Enrolment model (Ref. = enhanced fee for service) Family health team 1.03 (1.02–1.04) 1.02 (1.02–1.03) 1.04 (1.04–1.05) Capitation model 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 1.03 (1.02–1.03) 1.03 (1.03–1.04) Other group 1.05 (1.02–1.08) 1.03 (1.00–1.05) 1.03(1.02–1.04) Regression model with SMI premium Enrolment model (Ref. = enhanced fee for service) Family health team 1.02 (1.01–1.03) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) 1.04 (1.04–1.04) Capitation model 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) 1.03 (1.03–1.03) Other group 1.04 (1.01–1.07) 1.02 (0.99–1.04) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) Note: CI = confidence interval, SMI = serious mental illness.
↵* All models adjusted for patient age, sex, income quintile, newly arrived in Ontario, rurality, Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, health system utilization in 3 years before study dates (primary care attachment, mean number of primary care visits, psychiatric hospital admissions), primary care visits during the study period, continuity of care and physician age, sex, rurality of practice, location of training, panel size.