Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1: Demographic characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer, and mean home care visits and costs per patient-year
Variable No. (%) of patients*
n = 36 195Mean no. of home care services per patient-year Mean home care costs per patient-year,† $ Used home care services 24 641 (68.1) 27.5 2 180 Sex Female 16 413 (45.3) 31.0 2 275 Male 19 782 (54.7) 24.5 2 102 Age, yr Mean (95% CI) 69.7 (69.5–69.8) Median (IQR) 71 (61–79) Age group, yr ≤ 45 1 239 (3.4) 21.0 2 062 45–54 3 660 (10.1) 21.5 2 047 55–64 7 425 (20.5) 22.2 2 018 65–74 10 231 (28.3) 23.7 2 041 75–84 9 924 (27.4) 33.7 2 362 ≥ 85 3 716 (10.3) 51.7 2 932 Living in rural location No 30 477 (84.2) 27.4 2 174 Yes 5 693 (15.7) 28.1 2 214 Missing data 25 (0.1) 7.5 794 Income group Urban, lowest 5 694 (15.7) 31.8 2 465 Urban, second lowest 6 293 (17.4) 27.8 2 241 Urban, middle 6 050 (16.7) 28.1 2 196 Urban, second highest 6 203 (17.1) 26.2 2 075 Urban, highest 6 200 (17.1) 23.7 1 945 Rural residents 5 664 (15.6) 28.2 2 220 Missing data 91 (0.3) 13.1 1 271 Region A 2 053 (5.7) 33.5 2 569 B 3 078 (8.5) 31.7 2 468 C 1 893 (5.2) 27.5 2 173 D 4 551 (12.6) 28.6 2 183 E 1 416 (3.9) 24.8 2 102 F 2 396 (6.6) 25.7 2 018 G 2 622 (7.2) 28.5 2 325 H 4 121 (11.4) 24.9 2 055 I 4 198 (11.6) 27.8 2 239 J 1 803 (5.0) 28.0 2 236 K 3 626 (10.0) 26.4 2 088 L 1 427 (3.9) 25.1 2 203 M 2 155 (6.0) 23.4 1 752 N 831 (2.3) 26.5 2 095 Missing data 25 (0.1) 7.5 794 Resource utilization band‡ None 343 (0.9) 35.7 3 036 Healthy user 239 (0.7) 24.7 2 309 Low 1 605 (4.4) 22.1 2 059 Moderate 17 880 (49.4) 22.9 1 950 High 9 215 (25.5) 28.6 2 203 Highest 6 913 (19.1) 41.4 2 855 Cancer stage at diagnosis I 5 145 (14.2) 15.5 1 170 II 7 095 (19.6) 25.5 1 995 III 7 702 (21.3) 32.5 2 727 IV 5 282 (14.6) 62.5 5 541 Not staged 10 971 (30.3) 22.6 1 630 Note: CI = confidence interval, IQR = interquartile range. *Unless stated otherwise. †In 2009 Canadian dollars. ‡Resource utilization bands categorize patients according to their morbidity and corresponding expected use of health care resources; the bands range from 0 (none) to 5 (highest expected health care costs). See Methods for details.
Type of service Stage of disease; no. (%) of home care visits All stages Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Not staged Total no. of visits 2 009 832 (100.0) 151 715 (100.0) 365 783 (100.0) 493 303 (100.0) 365 556 (100.0) 633 475 (100.0) Visiting nursing* 1 206 498 (60.0) 80 197 (52.9) 214 305 (58.6) 337 363 (68.4) 262 272 (71.7) 312 361 (49.3) Shift nursing* 9 558 (0.5) 926 (0.6) 1 096 (0.3) 1 464 (0.3) 2 383 (0.7) 3 689 (0.6) Homemaking/
personal support702 694 (35.0) 63 226 (41.7) 133 306 (36.4) 134 926 (27.4) 84 048 (23.0) 287 188 (45.3) Service by allied health professional† 48 335 (2.4) 3 909 (2.6) 8 851 (2.4) 9 727 (2.0) 8 799 (2.4) 17 049 (2.8) Case management 21 358 (1.1) 2 144 (1.4) 4 218 (1.2) 5 760 (1.2) 3 912 (1.1) 5 324 (0.8) Respite 9 136 (0.5) 529 (0.3) 2 039 (0.6) 1 234 (0.3) 1 462 (0.4) 3 872 (0.6) Additional services‡ 12 253 (0.6) 784 (0.5) 1 968 (0.5) 2 829 (0.6) 2 680 (0.7) 3 992 (0.6) *Visiting nursing = nursing services for which an established (flat) rate per home care visit is charged; shift nursing = nursing services for which an hourly rate is charged. †Nutritionist/dietitian, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech language therapist. ‡Social work, psychology, placement services, laboratory services and enterostomal therapy.
- Table 3: Home care services and costs* by phase of care† and stage of disease at diagnosis
Phase; variable All stages Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Not staged Initial care n = 31 237 n = 4 940 n = 6 707 n = 7 277 n = 3 571 n = 8 742 Used home care services, no. (%) 18 574 (59.5) 2 009 (40.7) 4 034 (60.1) 5 665 (77.8) 2 733 (76.5) 4 133 (47.3) No. of visits per 30 d Mean (95% CI) 3.4 (3.4–3.5) 2.1 (1.9–2.2) 3.3 (3.2–3.5) 4.1 (4.0–4.3) 4.8 (4.6–5.0) 3.2 (3.0–3.3) Median (IQR) 1 (0–5) 0 (0–2) 1 (0–4) 3 (0–5) 3 (0–6) 0 (0–4) Cost per 30 d, $ Mean (95% CI) 323 (318–329) 191 (181–201) 309 (299–320) 407 (397–418) 477 (459–495) 276 (266–287) Median (IQR) 165 (0–469) 0 (0–256) 152 (0–453) 302 (104–545) 348 (86–654) 0 (0–379) Continuing care n = 27 861 n = 4 507 n = 6 137 n = 6 543 n = 2 629 n = 8 045 Used home care services, no. (%) 14 501 (52.0) 1 216 (27.0) 2 797 (45.6) 4 697 (71.8) 2 154 (81.9) 3 637 (45.2) No. of visits per 30 d Mean (95% CI) 2.2 (2.1–2.3) 1.0 (1.0–1.2) 2.1 (1.9–2.2) 2.7 (2.6–2.9) 4.5 (4.2–4.8) 1.8 (1.7–1.9) Median (IQR) 0 (0–2) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–1) 1 (0–3) 2 (0–5) 0 (0–1) Cost per 30 d, $ Mean (95% CI) 160 (156–165) 71 (64–78) 142 (132–151) 211 (201–221) 370 (349–391) 115 (108–121) Median (IQR) 10 (0–158) 0 (0–13) 0 (0–117) 69 (0–247) 202 (53–452) 0 (0–79) Terminal care n = 11 271 n = 454 n = 1 078 n = 1 640 n = 3 613 n = 4 486 Used home care services, no. (%) 7 619 (67.6) 237 (52.2) 724 (67.2) 1 202 (73.3) 2 866 (79.3) 2 590 (57.7) No. of visits per 30 d Mean (95% CI) 6.9 (6.7–7.1) 4.2 (3.5–5.0) 6.3 (5.8–6.9) 6.9 (6.4–7.5) 8.4 (8.0–8.8) 6.2 (5.9–6.5) Median (IQR) 2 (0–9) 0 (0–5) 2 (0–9) 3 (0–9) 5 (1–11) 1 (0–8) Cost per 30 d, $ Mean (95% CI) 616 (597–635) 372 (301–443) 523 (475–571) 578 (539–618) 795 (759–831) 533 (502–565) Median (IQR) 271 (0–835) 41 (0–492) 238 (0–731) 286 (0–819) 489 (107–1 057) 124 (0–675) Note: CI = confidence interval, IQR = interquartile range. *In 2009 Canadian dollars. †Initial phase of care = 180 days after diagnosis, terminal phase = 180 days before death, continuing = interval between initial and terminal phases.
Variable Initial care Continuing care Terminal care Parameter estimate (SE) t value Parameter estimate (SE) t value Parameter estimate (SE) t value Intercept 513.9 (18.4) 27.8‡ 292.5 (20.5) 14.2‡ 853.2 (91.3) 9.4‡ Male (v. female) –26.4 (7.6) –3.5‡ –37.8 (8.0) –4.7‡ –104.1 (26.4) –3.9‡ Age group, yr (v. 55–64) ≤ 45 –20.1 (20.1) –1.0 14.5 (20.7) 0.7 47.2 (85.5) 0.6 45–54 –9.6 (13.6) –0.7 3.3 (14.0) 0.24 59.9 (55.8) 1.1 65–74 3.2 (10.6) 0.3 26.9 (11.0) 2.45§ –38.5 (41.4) –0.9 75–84 –36.8 (11.1) –3.3‡ 44.7 (11.8) 3.8‡ 47.5 (40.3) 1.2 ≥ 85 –44.6 (15.4) –2.9§ 81.8 (17.0) 4.8‡ –11.2 (48.8) –0.2 Income group
(v. urban, highest)Urban, lowest 57.9 (13.0) 4.4‡ 72.9 (13.8) 5.3‡ –80.9 (45.5) –1.8 Urban, second lowest 54.3 (12.7) 4.3‡ 40.6 (13.3) 3.1§ –36.6 (45.2) –0.8 Urban, middle 42.1 (12.8) 3.3§ 26.7 (13.6) 2.0§ 40.9 (45.3) 0.9 Urban, second highest 28.2 (12.7) 2.2§ 21.2 (13.4) 1.6 33.0 (46.0) 0.7 Rural residents 21.6 (12.8) 1.7 3.7 (13.5) 0.3 –89.7 (45.9) –2.0 Resource utilization band† (v. highest) None 41.0 (40.2) 1.0 –18.0 (40.5) –0.4 –34.4 (118.8) –0.3 Healthy user –87.8 (44.3) –2.0§ –133.4 (45.6) –2.9 64.3 (163.5) 0.4 Low –95.1 (19.5) –4.9‡ –97.0 (20.5) –4.7‡ –12.3 (72.1) –0.2 Moderate –71.1 (10.5) –6.8‡ –92.0 (11.2) –8.2‡ –119.7 (34.1) –3.5‡ High –36.3 (11.5) –3.2§ –77.9 (12.3) –6.3‡ –76.6 (37.0) –2.1§ Stage (v. stage I) II 47.4 (13.8) 3.4‡ 56.8 (16.2) 3.5‡ 69.4 (84.8) 0.82 III 55.4 (13.2) 4.2‡ 50.6 (15.3) 3.3‡ 81.8 (80.7) 1.01 IV 155.0 (15.0) 10.4‡ 214.0 (17.1) 12.5‡ 297.5 (77.2) 3.9‡ Not staged 113.1 (13.8) 8.2‡ –11.1 (15.6) –0.7 205.2 (76.9) 2.7§ Note: SE = standard error. *Initial phase of care = 180 days after diagnosis, terminal phase = 180 days before death, continuing = interval between initial and terminal phases. †Resource utilization bands categorize patients according to their morbidity and corresponding expected use of health care resources; the bands range from 0 (none) to 5 (highest expected health care costs). See Methods for details. ‡p < 0.001. §p < 0.05.