Article Figures & Tables
Tables
Retail model; jurisdiction† Population (2017) (18) No. of licensed cannabis stores No. of stores per 100 000 population No. of hours of operation per week, mean ± SD Distance to nearest school, m, median (IQR) Private/hybrid (mixture of government and private) Yukon Territory (hybrid) 38 459 2 (1 private, 1 government) 5.2 53.5 ± 19.1 494.3 (561.1) British Columbia (hybrid) 4 290 988 22 (21 private, 1 government) 0.5 71.0 ± 17.4 405.9 (406.2) Alberta 4 286 134 86 2.0 77.2 ± 13.0 549.6 (454.3) Saskatchewan 1 163 925 29 2.5 70.8 ± 11.4 637.6 (325.2) Manitoba 1 338 109 23 1.7 79.0 ± 6.9 540.0 (318.5) Ontario 14 193 384 18 0.1 83.5 ± 10.4 452.2 (262.3) Newfoundland and Labrador 528 817 25 4.7 79.7 ± 12.5 871.1 (917.9) Total 25 839 816 205 0.8‡ 76.4 ± 13.2§ 577.7 (468.5)¶ Government Northwest Territories 44 520 5 11.2 41.8 ± 17.6 652.7 (164.8) Quebec 8 394 034 14 0.2 59.1 ± 4.2 525.1 (940.9) New Brunswick 759 655 20 2.6 71.0 ± 0 549.6 (454.3) Nova Scotia 953 869 12 1.3 77.0 ± 0 831.8 (408.2) Prince Edward Island 152 021 4 2.6 79.5 ± 7.0 530.5 (334.7) Total 10 304 099 55 0.5‡ 67.3 ± 12.0§ 744.4 (619.6)¶ Grand total 36 143 915 260 0.7 74.5 ± 13.4 598.13 (489.9) Note: IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Sources are provided in Appendix 1.
↵† Nunavut has no physical cannabis stores and was excluded from all analyses.
↵‡ p = 0.009 for difference between jurisdictions with private and public models offset by total population (Poisson regression).
↵§ p < 0.0001 for difference between private/hybrid and government models (t test).
↵¶ p = 0.047 for difference between private/hybrid and government models (rank sum test).
- Table 2:
Description of how each Canadian province and territory is allowing cannabis retail and online sales*
Jurisdiction Retail model in April 2019 Online sales Legal age for cannabis purchase, yr Restrictions on hours of operation† Restrictions on proximity to schools Province British Columbia Government: via BC Cannabis Stores, a division of BC Liquor Distribution Branch
Private: via licensed retailers approved through BC Liquor and Cannabis Regulation BranchYes, via BC Cannabis Stores 19 0900–2300 None identified in legislation Alberta Private: via licensed cannabis retailers approved through Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Yes, via Cannabis Alberta 18 1000–0200 100 m from a school Saskatchewan Private: via licensed cannabis retailers approved through Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority Yes, via licensed private retailers’ websites 19 0800–0300 except Dec. 31 and Jan. 1 (0800–0330) None identified in legislation Manitoba Private: via licensed cannabis retailers approved through Liquor, Gaming and Cannabis Authority of Manitoba Yes, via licensed private retailers’ websites 19 0800–0000 except Nov. 11 (1300–0000) None identified in legislation Ontario Private: via licensed cannabis retailers approved by Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario Yes, via Ontario Cannabis Store 19 0900–2300 150 m from a school or a private school Quebec Government: via Société Québécoise du cannabis, a subsidiary of the Société des alcools du Québec Yes, via Société Québécoise du cannabis 18 None identified in legislation 250 m from preschool education services, or elementary or secondary school instructional services with the exception of Montréal (150 m) New Brunswick Government: via Cannabis NB Yes, via Cannabis NB 19 None identified in legislation None identified in legislation Nova Scotia Government: via Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation Yes, via Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation 19 None identified in legislation None identified in legislation Prince Edward Island Government: via Prince Edward Island Cannabis Management Corporation Yes, via PEI Cannabis 19 0900–2300 except Sunday (1200–1700) None identified in legislation; as per FAQs on buying cannabis in PEI, “each location is a respectful distance from schools” Newfoundland and Labrador Private: via licensed cannabis retailers approved through Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation Yes, via CannabisNL 19 0900–0200 A board shall not issue a licence to an applicant where the premise will cause inconvenience to a place of worship, school or hospital Territory Yukon Territory Government: via Yukon Liquor Corporation
Private: via licensed retailers approved through Yukon Liquor CorporationYes, via Cannabis Yukon 19 0900–0200 150 m from each part of a building that is an elementary or secondary school Northwest Territories Government: via Northwest Territories Liquor and Cannabis Commission Yes, via Northwest Territories Liquor and Cannabis Commission 19 None identified in legislation None identified in legislation Nunavut No retail stores open as of May 17, 2019 Yes, via approved agents for online sales from Nunavut Liquor and Cannabis 19 Maximum of 12 h during any 24-h period None identified in legislation - Table 3:
Negative binomial regression comparing cannabis stores per capita within 1000 m of the geographic centre of neighbourhoods in the lowest income quintile (Q1) and the highest income quintile (Q5)
Retail model; jurisdiction Incident rate ratio (95% CI), Q1:Q5 (reference) Model A* Model B* Private/hybrid Yukon Territory (hybrid) –† –† British Columbia (hybrid) 2.73 (1.83–4.06) 2.02 (1.34–3.05) Alberta 2.89 (2.16–3.88) 2.42 (1.79–3.27) Saskatchewan 2.27 (1.26–4.07) 1.75 (0.97–3.17) Manitoba 4.89 (2.71–8.84) 3.04 (1.66–5.58) Ontario 1.44 (1.02–2.05) 1.02 (0.71–1.48) Newfoundland and Labrador 2.47 (1.36–4.51) 1.32 (0.74–2.34) Total 2.64 (2.22–3.14) 2.33 (1.96–2.79)‡ Government Northwest Territories 0.63 (0.10–3.75) 0.66 (0.11–3.97) Quebec 4.24 (2.57–7.00) 2.84 (1.65–4.91) New Brunswick 2.41 (1.22–4.78) 1.72 (0.84–3.52) Nova Scotia 4.63 (2.14–10.04) 3.74 (1.73–8.16) Prince Edward Island 3.89 (0.82–18.33) 1.66 (0.27–9.99 Total 3.50 (2.50–4.91) 3.05 (2.16–4.31)‡ Grand total 2.71 (2.32–3.16) 2.33 (1.98–2.72) Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Both models are offset by the total population of a dissemination area. Model B adjusts for the population density of each dissemination area in people per square kilometre.
↵† Unstable regression model, as income has near-perfect prediction for the dependent variable.
↵‡ Interaction between private/hybrid retail system v. government retail system and income quintiles was not significant (p = 0.2).