Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of patients with mild traumatic brain injury and computed tomography findings of intracranial hemorrhage
Characteristic No. (%) of patients*
n = 607Median age, yr (IQR) 55 (37–70) Male 415 (68.4) Mechanism of injury Fall 234 (38.6) Motor vehicle collision 138 (22.7) Struck by motor vehicle as pedestrian 111 (18.3) Struck by motor vehicle as cyclist 44 (7.2) Assault (blunt trauma) 23 (3.8) Motorcycle/all-terrain vehicle collision 23 (3.8) Other† 34 (5.6) Isolated head injury 57 (9.4) Finding on initial head CT Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage 325 (53.5) Subdural hematoma 280 (46.1) Intracerebral hemorrhage 218 (35.9) Skull fracture/pneumocephalus 124 (20.4) Intraventricular hemorrhage 48 (7.9) Epidural hematoma 36 (5.9) Concomitant other injuries Face + neck 281 (46.3) Thorax 240 (39.5) Abdomen/pelvis 61 (10.0) Spine 186 (30.6) Upper extremity 212 (34.9) Lower extremity 167 (27.5) External/burns/other 19 (3.1) Median Injury Severity Score (IQR) 17 (14–24) Total Injury Severity Score 1–15 197 (32.4) 16–25 274 (45.1) > 25 133 (21.9) Missing 3 (0.5) Initial Glasgow Coma Scale score 15 374 (61.6) 14 185 (30.5) 13 48 (7.9) Alcohol consumption (n = 392) No 316 (80.6) Yes, beyond legal limit 60 (15.3) Yes, trace limit 16 (4.1) Variable No. (%) of patients* No. of head CT scans, median (IQR) 2 (2–3) No. of head CT scans 1 101 (16.6) 2 304 (50.1) 3 118 (19.4) ≥ 4 84 (13.8) Indication for repeat head CT (n = 506) Routine† 385 (76.1) Neurologic deterioration 30 (5.9) Rule out vascular injury 89 (17.6) Other 2 (0.4) Finding on repeat head CT altered medical management‡ 7 (1.4) Disposition after emergency department Trauma/general surgery 282 (46.5) Neurosurgery 160 (26.4) Medicine 78 (12.8) Orthopedic surgery 51 (8.4) Plastic surgery 7 (1.2) Discharged 29 (4.8) Length of stay, d, median (IQR) 7 (3–13.25) Total length of stay, d ≤ 7 317 (52.2) 8–14 156 (25.7) > 14 134 (22.1) Required ICU stay 382 (62.9) Length of ICU stay, d, median (IQR) 3 (1–6) Total length of ICU stay, d (n = 382) ≤ 7 307 (80.4) 8–14 39 (10.2) > 14 36 (9.4) Required neurosurgical intervention§ 5 (0.8) Type of operation (n = 5) Decompressive craniectomy 3 (60) Craniotomy 2 (40) Note: CT = computed tomography, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.
↵† Done in the absence of any documented neurologic change.
↵‡ E.g., extended length of stay, administration of antiplatelets for vascular dissection.
↵§ Owing to clinical deterioration within 72 hours in all cases.